1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Foreign body nose refers to the presence of any extraneous object lodged within the nasal cavity, most commonly seen in children, resulting in local irritation, infection, obstruction, or complications if not promptly removed. It is an ENT …
1. Definition of Late and Complicated Lesions Late lesions of atherosclerosis refer to fully developed fibrous (atheromatous) plaques These lesions arise from: Progressive enlargement of fatty streaks Recruitment of smooth muscle cells Accumulation of extracellular lipid Deposition of fibrous connective …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Bleeding polypus is a benign, highly vascular, non-neoplastic lesion of the nose that arises most commonly from the anterior part of the nasal septum, particularly from Little’s area (Kiesselbach’s plexus). It is characterized by: Recurrent epistaxis A …
1. Definition of Early Lesion (Fatty Streak) The early lesion of atherosclerosis is known as the fatty streak It represents the earliest morphologically recognizable stage in the development of atherosclerosis Fatty streaks consist primarily of: Lipid-laden foam cells Located within …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Antrochoanal polyp is a benign, non-neoplastic, inflammatory polypoidal lesion that originates from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus (antrum) and extends through the maxillary ostium into the nasal cavity, finally projecting posteriorly into the choana and sometimes …
1. Definition Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial disease of arteries, characterized by the formation of atheromatous plaques within the intima of large and medium-sized elastic and muscular arteries. These plaques are composed of: Lipids (cholesterol and cholesterol esters) Inflammatory …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Ethmoidal polyp is a benign, non-neoplastic, inflammatory polypoidal outgrowth arising from the mucosa of the ethmoid sinuses, most commonly protruding into the middle meatus and nasal cavity. It is the commonest type of nasal polyp encountered in …
1. DEFINITION Nasal polyp is a benign, non-neoplastic, inflammatory outgrowth of the nasal or sinus mucosa Mucous polyp arises due to chronic inflammatory edema of mucosa Composed of: Edematous stroma Inflammatory cells Respiratory epithelium Typically bilateral Most commonly originates from: …
1. DEFINITION Vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic non-allergic, non-infective rhinitis Characterized by: Episodic nasal obstruction Watery rhinorrhea Nasal congestion Occurs due to dysregulation of autonomic control of nasal blood vessels No IgE-mediated hypersensitivity No eosinophilia 2. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY (EXAM FAVORITE) …
1. DEFINITION Hypertrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa Characterized by: Persistent hypertrophy of inferior (± middle) turbinates Thickened nasal mucosa Increased submucosal glands and venous sinusoids Leads to chronic nasal obstruction that is not fully …