Price of one currency in terms of another currency For example 1 USD is equal to 250 PKR etc. Trading between countries requires exchange rate to gauge the currencies Market supply and market demand of the currency can determine the …
6.2.1 Definition of Globalisation Globalisation is the increasing integration and interdependence of economies across the world through: Trade Investment Technology Movement of people and capital It involves the expansion of international markets and the global spread of: Products Services Labour …
Specialization It means when the entire efforts of the nation are focused on some products that they can make very efficiently As a result, they have the ability to become better than other countries in its production. Absolute advantage One …
Economic Development It means that production and wealth in an economy increases which improves the welfare for the people. Developed countries High GDP per capita High HDI Best services Excellent civic services Tertiary and service sector is larger compared to …
Absolute poverty When a person can not even afford the basic life necessities Poverty line is the threshold of income that is required for this basic necessities People below this poverty line are facing absolute poverty. Relative poverty Being poor …
All the factors that contribute to a person’s happiness and well living is called living standard Different measures GDP per head/ per capita The better measure is real GDP/ capita Divide real GDP by the total population Average income per …
Inflation A continued increase in general price level over time. Measured with Consumer Price Index (CPI) Identify the goods and services that a typical household purchases It’s called a basket of products The prices will be monitored based on retail …
Labor Force Economy’s working population All people of the age of working Who are able and willing to work. Dependent Population Not in labor force Depend on labor force for their requirements People in education Retired people Prisoners Mentally ill …
4.6.1 Definition of Economic Growth Economic Growth is the increase in the real output (GDP) of an economy over time. It represents an expansion in the productive capacity of the economy. Measured as the percentage change in real GDP (adjusted …
Supply side policy Increases supply Productivity increase Focuses on long-term economic growth Types of policies Investment in public sector Infrastructure improved Information and resources flow faster Education improved Vocational training improved Skills improved Health system improved so les workers are …