1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Complications of sinusitis are local, regional, or distant pathological consequences arising from spread of infection or inflammation from the paranasal sinuses to adjacent structures such as the orbit, cranial cavity, bone, and soft tissues. They may occur …
1. Definition of Secondary Hypertension (Exam-Ready) Secondary hypertension refers to elevated blood pressure caused by a specific, identifiable underlying disorder Unlike primary (essential) hypertension: It has a definable cause It is often potentially reversible Accounts for: 5–10% of all hypertensive …
1. Definition of Hypertension (Exam-Ready, Clinically Precise) Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by: Persistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure Sufficient to cause structural and functional damage to blood vessels and target organs It is not defined by …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Chronic sinusitis (chronic rhinosinusitis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses persisting for more than 12 weeks, despite adequate medical treatment. It is characterized by persistent mucosal edema, impaired mucociliary …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Acute sinusitis (acute rhinosinusitis) is an acute inflammatory condition of the mucosal lining of one or more paranasal sinuses, usually following a viral upper respiratory tract infection, with symptom duration less than 4 weeks. The condition almost …
. Definition (Exam-Ready, Precise) Arteriolosclerosis is a chronic vascular disorder characterized by: Thickening of the walls of small arteries and arterioles Progressive narrowing of the lumen Impaired tissue perfusion It primarily affects: Arterioles Small muscular arteries It is distinct from …
1. Definition (Expanded, Exam-Ready) Monckeberg’s Medial Calcific Sclerosis is a chronic, degenerative vascular disorder characterized by: Calcification of the tunica media In medium-sized muscular arteries Without significant luminal narrowing It is a non-inflammatory, non-atheromatous condition Distinguished from atherosclerosis by: Absence …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Nasal myiasis is an infestation of the nasal cavity by larvae (maggots) of flies, resulting in progressive destruction of nasal mucosa and underlying tissues, with severe local morbidity if untreated. It is classically seen in tropical and …
1. Definition and Scope of Vessel Involvement Atherosclerosis is a disease of: Large elastic arteries Medium-sized muscular arteries It is not a generalized disease of all vessels The disease is: Segmental Patchy Asymmetrical Lesions develop selectively based on: Vessel type …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Rhinolith is a calcified mass within the nasal cavity formed by progressive deposition of mineral salts (calcium and magnesium phosphates/carbonates) around a central nidus (most commonly a long-standing foreign body). It typically presents as a hard, irregular, …