Sample Quizzes For Preparation: Genetic Technology Applied To Medicine

A2 Biology – Genetic Technology Applied to Medicine

Question 1

Which of the following is an advantage of using recombinant insulin instead of animal-derived insulin?
A. Longer shelf life
B. Reduced effectiveness
C. Higher immune response
D. Identical structure to human insulin

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a disease treated with recombinant Factor VIII?
A. SCID
B. Hemophilia A
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Huntington’s disease

Question 3

Why is ADA-SCID treated using recombinant adenosine deaminase considered temporary?
A. It is only effective in adults
B. The enzyme must be continuously administered
C. The recombinant protein is rejected
D. It permanently corrects the gene

Question 4

Which gene is mutated in most hereditary breast and ovarian cancers?
A. CFTR
B. HTT
C. BRCA1
D. SCID1

Question 5

What is a primary advantage of genetic screening for Huntington’s disease?
A. It prevents disease entirely
B. Allows early treatment
C. Allows planning for future care
D. Eliminates the faulty gene

Question 6

What type of genetic disorder is cystic fibrosis?
A. Dominant
B. X-linked
C. Recessive
D. Mitochondrial

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a step in gene therapy?
A. Extracting DNA from healthy individuals
B. Inserting a functional gene
C. Using a viral vector
D. Reintroducing modified cells

Question 8

Which virus is commonly used in retinal gene therapy for eye disorders?
A. Retrovirus
B. HIV
C. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)
D. Bacteriophage

Question 9

What is a main limitation of early gene therapy techniques?
A. Too expensive
B. Insertional mutagenesis
C. No vector available
D. Rejection of donor tissues

Question 10

Why is somatic gene therapy ethically preferred over germline gene therapy?
A. Cheaper and faster
B. Easier to carry out
C. Does not affect future generations
D. No side effects

Question 11

In SCID gene therapy, which cells are typically modified?
A. Neurons
B. Pancreatic cells
C. Stem cells
D. Red blood cells

Question 12

Which protein is used to treat patients with clotting factor deficiency?
A. Insulin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Factor VIII
D. Albumin

Question 13

Which of the following diseases is commonly identified using genetic screening before symptoms appear?
A. Influenza
B. Tuberculosis
C. Huntington’s disease
D. Malaria

Question 14

Which type of inheritance pattern does Huntington’s disease follow?
A. X-linked
B. Autosomal recessive
C. Autosomal dominant
D. Mitochondrial

Question 15

Which term refers to using DNA tests to assess risk of developing a condition?
A. Gene therapy
B. Genetic engineering
C. Genetic screening
D. Recombinant DNA

Question 16

Which of these is an ethical concern in genetic screening?
A. Lack of technology
B. High cost of DNA
C. Risk of genetic discrimination
D. Viral infection

Question 17

Gene therapy for SCID usually involves modifying cells in which location?
A. Retina
B. Brain
C. Bone marrow
D. Liver

Question 18

What is the function of adenosine deaminase?
A. Breaks down glucose
B. Removes adenosine waste
C. Stimulates insulin secretion
D. Synthesizes protein

Question 19

Which of the following uses a gene-carrying vector for treatment?
A. Blood transfusion
B. Gene therapy
C. Genetic screening
D. Recombinant protein therapy

Question 20

Why is recombinant insulin considered safer than animal insulin?
A. Cheaper to produce
B. Contains more energy
C. Lower allergy risk
D. Acts more slowly

Question 21

Which of the following diseases is associated with CFTR gene mutation?
A. Huntington’s disease
B. BRCA2
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. SCID

Question 22

What does SCID stand for?
A. Severe Cancer Inherited Disease
B. Single Cell Immune Disorder
C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
D. Structural Chromosomal Immune Disorder

Question 23

What term describes the accidental activation of an oncogene by a viral vector?
A. Recombination
B. Mutagenesis
C. Insertional mutagenesis
D. Gene duplication

Question 24

Which characteristic is common to both recombinant insulin and recombinant Factor VIII?
A. Made from animal proteins
B. Viral-based treatments
C. Produced by genetically modified organisms
D. Only available as oral tablets

Question 25

Why is patient consent crucial before genetic screening?
A. Results may be unclear
B. Screening is always painful
C. Information may be misused
D. It’s required by insurance

Question 26

What kind of cells are targeted in retinal gene therapy?
A. Cone cells
B. Endothelial cells
C. Retinal pigment epithelial cells
D. Rod cells

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true?
A. Genetic screening changes DNA
B. Genetic screening diagnoses infections
C. Genetic screening predicts genetic risks
D. Genetic screening guarantees a cure

Question 28

Which disease is treated by replacing the RPE65 gene?
A. Hemophilia
B. ADA-SCID
C. Leber’s congenital amaurosis
D. Cystic fibrosis

Question 29

What makes AAV a good vector for eye gene therapy?
A. It causes blindness naturally
B. It integrates into mitochondrial DNA
C. It has low immune response
D. It mutates genes rapidly

Question 30

Why do BRCA1 mutations increase cancer risk?
A. They promote tumor suppressor activity
B. They reduce DNA repair ability
C. They increase metabolism
D. They alter hormone levels

Question 31

Which test result would most likely increase surveillance and early surgery options?
A. Positive for CFTR
B. Negative for RQ
C. Positive for BRCA1
D. Elevated insulin

Question 32

Which type of gene therapy affects future generations?
A. Mitochondrial
B. Somatic
C. Germline
D. Monogenic

Question 33

Which is an example of a non-viral method for gene therapy?
A. Retrovirus
B. Liposome
C. Lentivirus
D. AAV

Question 34

Which gene is mutated in ADA-SCID?
A. CFTR
B. BRCA1
C. ADA
D. RPE65

Question 35

What does a high psychological burden in genetic screening typically result from?
A. Surgery
B. Vaccine requirement
C. Knowing one’s genetic future
D. Physical pain during testing

Marking Key and Explanations

1. D – Identical to human insulin reduces immune rejection.
2. B – Hemophilia A is treated with recombinant Factor VIII.
3. B – Recombinant ADA must be regularly administered.
4. C – BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are linked to breast/ovarian cancer.
5. C – Helps patients plan life decisions.
6. C – CF is autosomal recessive.
7. A – Healthy donor DNA is not extracted in gene therapy.
8. C – AAV is commonly used in eye gene therapy.
9. B – Early techniques caused cancer due to insertional mutagenesis.
10. C – Somatic therapy does not alter germline cells.
11. C – Bone marrow stem cells are modified for SCID.
12. C – Factor VIII is a clotting factor.
13. C – HD can be identified genetically before symptoms.
14. C – HD is autosomal dominant.
15. C – Genetic screening assesses disease risk.
16. C – Insurance/employment discrimination risk exists.
17. C – Bone marrow contains immune stem cells.
18. B – ADA removes toxic deoxyadenosine.
19. B – Gene therapy involves inserting a gene using a vector.
20. C – Human insulin avoids animal-protein allergies.
21. C – CFTR mutation causes cystic fibrosis.
22. C – SCID = Severe Combined Immunodeficiency.
23. C – Insertional mutagenesis = random gene insertion causing problems.
24. C – Both produced by GM organisms.
25. C – Genetic data can be misused if not protected.
26. C – RPE cells are target for LCA therapy.
27. C – Screening reveals likelihood, not certainty.
28. C – LCA is treated with RPE65 gene therapy.
29. C – AAV is non-pathogenic and evokes low immune response.
30. B – BRCA1/2 reduce DNA repair capacity when mutated.
31. C – BRCA1+ result prompts preventive action.
32. C – Germline therapy affects future generations.
33. B – Liposomes are non-viral carriers.
34. C – ADA gene mutation causes ADA-SCID.
35. C – Psychological burden from knowing about untreatable future disease.