Sample Quizzes For Preparation: Energy
A2 Level Biology – Chapter 2.1 Energy
1. What is the primary role of ATP in living cells?
A. Store genetic information
B. Act as a catalyst
C. Serve as the universal energy currency
D. Provide structural support
2. Which of the following processes directly requires ATP?
A. Passive diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
3. Which component of ATP releases energy upon hydrolysis?
A. Adenine
B. Ribose
C. First phosphate group
D. Terminal phosphate group
4. Which organelle is the site of oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleus
5. In ATP, the sugar component is:
A. Deoxyribose
B. Glucose
C. Ribose
D. Fructose
6. The reaction ATP → ADP + Pi is catalyzed by which enzyme?
A. ATP synthase
B. Ligase
C. DNA polymerase
D. ATPase
7. What term describes the regeneration of ATP from ADP and Pi using energy from respiration?
A. Hydrolysis
B. Phosphorylation
C. Polymerisation
D. Respiration
8. Which process generates ATP using a proton gradient across a membrane?
A. Substrate-level phosphorylation
B. Glycolysis
C. Chemiosmosis
D. Deamination
9. What is the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) formula?
A. O₂ produced / CO₂ consumed
B. ATP produced / CO₂ consumed
C. CO₂ produced / O₂ consumed
D. CO₂ consumed / O₂ produced
10. Which substrate typically has an RQ value of 1.0?
A. Glucose
B. Protein
C. Fatty acids
D. Glycerol
11. Which respiratory substrate produces the highest amount of ATP per gram?
A. Glucose
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Fructose
12. Which process does NOT occur in mitochondria?
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. Oxidative phosphorylation
13. Which part of the mitochondrion contains the enzymes for the Krebs cycle?
A. Outer membrane
B. Inner membrane
C. Cristae
D. Matrix
14. The ATP yield from anaerobic respiration is:
A. 36 ATP
B. 32 ATP
C. 2 ATP
D. 0 ATP
15. What is the function of ATP synthase?
A. Break down glucose
B. Transfer electrons
C. Add a phosphate group to ADP
D. Remove phosphate from ATP
16. Which of these is NOT an energy-requiring process?
A. Active transport
B. DNA replication
C. Muscle contraction
D. Diffusion
17. What property of water allows it to act as a temperature buffer in organisms?
A. High density
B. High specific heat capacity
C. High viscosity
D. Low boiling point
18. Which molecule is directly responsible for forming the electrochemical gradient in mitochondria?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Hydrogen ions
D. Glucose
19. The movement of H⁺ ions down their gradient powers:
A. DNA synthesis
B. ATP synthesis
C. Protein folding
D. Cell wall formation
20. Which of the following is used in substrate-level phosphorylation?
A. ATP synthase
B. Electron carriers
C. Phosphoenolpyruvate
D. ATPase
21. Where does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
A. Inner mitochondrial membrane only
B. Mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm
C. Chloroplast stroma
D. Nucleolus
22. Which stage of respiration does NOT directly require oxygen?
A. Krebs cycle
B. Electron transport chain
C. Glycolysis
D. Oxidative phosphorylation
23. Which of the following does NOT affect the RQ value?
A. Substrate used
B. Oxygen availability
C. Enzyme activity
D. Carbon dioxide solubility
24. Which organelle is absent in red blood cells, making them rely solely on glycolysis?
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes
25. What is a typical RQ value for fat metabolism?
A. 0.7
B. 0.8
C. 0.9
D. 1.0
26. Which molecule yields the least ATP when used as a respiratory substrate?
A. Glucose
B. Glycerol
C. Amino acids
D. Fatty acids
27. Which of these is a direct product of glycolysis?
A. Acetyl CoA
B. Pyruvate
C. Citrate
D. Lactate
28. What equipment is used to determine oxygen consumption in small organisms?
A. Manometer
B. Spectrophotometer
C. Electrophoresis chamber
D. Colorimeter
29. The initial step in respiration is:
A. Link reaction
B. Electron transport
C. Glycolysis
D. Krebs cycle
30. What type of phosphorylation occurs in chloroplasts?
A. Oxidative
B. Substrate-level
C. Photophosphorylation
D. Anaerobic
31. Which is NOT a feature of ATP?
A. Stable molecule
B. Small molecule
C. Easily hydrolyzed
D. Energy carrier
32. Which compound is not used in aerobic respiration?
A. Oxygen
B. ADP
C. Glucose
D. Ethanol
33. Why is lipid respiration less efficient in low oxygen environments?
A. It releases less CO₂
B. It requires more oxygen per carbon atom
C. It stops ATP synthesis
D. It blocks the ETC
34. What is the function of the cristae in mitochondria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. DNA storage
C. Increase surface area for ATP synthesis
D. Store respiratory substrates
35. What happens when the respiratory substrate is changed from glucose to fatty acids?
A. RQ increases
B. Oxygen demand decreases
C. ATP yield decreases
D. RQ decreases
Marking Key and Explanations
- C – ATP is the universal energy currency used in all cells.
- C – Active transport requires energy, unlike passive methods.
- D – The terminal phosphate bond contains high energy.
- C – Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- C – ATP contains ribose, a 5-carbon sugar.
- D – ATPase breaks ATP into ADP and Pi.
- B – Phosphorylation is the process of adding Pi to ADP.
- C – Chemiosmosis involves ATP synthase and proton gradients.
- C – RQ = CO₂ produced / O₂ consumed.
- A – Glucose has an RQ of 1.0.
- C – Lipids yield the most energy per gram.
- A – Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
- D – The matrix contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle.
- C – Anaerobic respiration yields 2 ATP/glucose.
- C – ATP synthase adds phosphate to ADP.
- D – Diffusion does not use ATP.
- B – Water’s high specific heat capacity helps buffer temperature.
- C – Protons (H⁺) form the electrochemical gradient.
- B – The flow of H⁺ ions drives ATP synthesis.
- C – Phosphoenolpyruvate transfers phosphate to ADP.
- B – Both cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix are involved.
- C – Glycolysis does not require oxygen.
- D – CO₂ solubility doesn’t influence RQ directly.
- C – RBCs lack mitochondria.
- A – Lipid metabolism typically has an RQ of ~0.7.
- C – Amino acids yield the least ATP per unit.
- B – Glycolysis produces pyruvate.
- A – Manometers measure gas volume/pressure changes.
- C – Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration.
- C – Photophosphorylation happens in chloroplasts.
- A – ATP is unstable and readily hydrolyzed.
- D – Ethanol is a product of anaerobic respiration.
- B – Fatty acids need more oxygen per carbon.
- C – Cristae increase surface area for ETC and ATP synthase.
- D – RQ decreases when shifting from carbs to fats.