1. Which theory of motivation is associated with financial incentives and piece-rate pay?

A. Taylor’s Scientific Management
B. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
C. Mayo’s Human Relations Theory
D. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

2. Which of these is a central idea in Mayo’s Human Relations Theory?

A. Motivation is purely financial
B. Social factors and teamwork increase productivity
C. Motivation is based only on safety needs
D. Workers are not influenced by social interaction

3. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (from lowest to highest)?

A. Esteem → Self-actualisation → Safety → Social → Physiological
B. Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-actualisation
C. Social → Physiological → Esteem → Self-actualisation → Safety
D. Safety → Physiological → Esteem → Social → Self-actualisation

4. Which of these is a motivator in Herzberg’s theory?

A. Pay and working conditions
B. Achievement and recognition
C. Company policy
D. Job security

5. According to Herzberg, which of the following are hygiene factors?

A. Recognition and achievement
B. Responsibility and promotion
C. Pay, supervision, and working conditions
D. Job enrichment and growth

6. What was McClelland’s main contribution to motivation theory?

A. The Three Needs Theory: achievement, power, affiliation
B. The Hierarchy of Needs
C. The Human Relations Theory
D. The Scientific Management Theory

7. In McClelland’s theory, which type of person is driven by the desire to control others?

A. Achievement-oriented
B. Affiliation-oriented
C. Power-oriented
D. Safety-oriented

8. Which need in Maslow’s hierarchy relates to friendship and belonging?

A. Physiological
B. Safety
C. Social
D. Esteem

9. According to Herzberg, what is the effect of improving hygiene factors?

A. Increases motivation significantly
B. Prevents dissatisfaction but doesn’t necessarily motivate
C. Eliminates the need for motivators
D. Guarantees self-actualisation

10. Which process theory of motivation was developed by Vroom?

A. Expectancy Theory
B. Scientific Management
C. Two-Factor Theory
D. Human Relations Theory

11. According to Vroom, motivation is the product of expectancy, instrumentality, and…

A. Achievement
B. Affiliation
C. Valence
D. Power

12. Which of these is an example of expectancy in Vroom’s model?

A. Believing effort will lead to good performance
B. Believing rewards will satisfy social needs
C. Believing pay is a hygiene factor
D. Believing teamwork improves productivity

13. Which of these best describes instrumentality in Vroom’s theory?

A. Belief that performance will lead to rewards
B. Belief that effort guarantees success
C. Belief in social needs being met
D. Belief that job security is most important

14. Which of these is a limitation of Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A. Needs always occur in a fixed order
B. Motivation can only be financial
C. It is universally applicable across all cultures
D. It ignores hygiene factors

15. Which of these is an application of Herzberg’s theory in the workplace?

A. Using job enrichment to increase responsibility
B. Using piece-rate pay
C. Removing all hygiene factors
D. Ignoring motivators

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia, World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change AS Level Business Full Scale Course

16. What was Taylor’s main belief about motivation?

A. Workers are motivated by money alone
B. Social needs are most important
C. Self-actualisation is the key motivator
D. Hygiene factors drive motivation

17. What is job enrichment according to Herzberg?

A. Giving employees more responsibility and challenge
B. Giving employees higher pay
C. Providing better working conditions
D. Offering more supervision

18. Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy includes respect and recognition?

A. Physiological
B. Esteem
C. Safety
D. Social

19. What was a key finding of Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments?

A. Productivity increased when financial pay rose
B. Productivity improved due to attention and social factors
C. Productivity was unaffected by supervision
D. Productivity was only linked to physical conditions

20. Which type of need in McClelland’s theory is linked to teamwork and relationships?

A. Achievement
B. Power
C. Affiliation
D. Esteem

21. Which of these is a key assumption in Vroom’s Expectancy Theory?

A. Employees are only motivated by survival needs
B. Motivation depends on the perceived likelihood of effort leading to rewards
C. Workers ignore social belonging
D. Motivation only comes from hygiene factors

22. Which of the following best represents self-actualisation in Maslow’s hierarchy?

A. Food and shelter
B. Friendship
C. Reaching one’s full potential and creativity
D. Job security

23. Which of these was a criticism of Taylor’s theory?

A. It ignored non-financial motivators
B. It emphasised teamwork
C. It promoted self-actualisation
D. It encouraged recognition and achievement

24. In Herzberg’s theory, what happens when motivators are absent?

A. Employees are dissatisfied
B. Employees are not motivated to work harder
C. Employees reach self-actualisation
D. Employees become more loyal

25. Which motivation theory is most closely linked with the concept of piece-rate pay?

A. Taylor
B. Mayo
C. Maslow
D. McClelland

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia, World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change AS Level Business Full Scale Course

26. What is one practical application of Vroom’s theory for managers?

A. Aligning rewards with employee values
B. Ignoring worker preferences
C. Providing only hygiene factors
D. Avoiding communication with employees

27. Which of these is considered a motivator in Herzberg’s theory?

A. Salary
B. Working conditions
C. Achievement
D. Company policy

28. Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy must be met first?

A. Safety
B. Physiological
C. Social
D. Esteem

29. Which need in McClelland’s theory is most associated with ambitious, goal-driven people?

A. Affiliation
B. Achievement
C. Power
D. Esteem

30. Which theory suggested that employees respond well when managers pay attention to them?

A. Maslow
B. Mayo
C. McClelland
D. Vroom

31. Which of these is a hygiene factor, not a motivator, in Herzberg’s model?

A. Responsibility
B. Recognition
C. Salary
D. Achievement

32. Which of these statements best summarises Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A. All needs must be met equally at the same time
B. Needs progress from basic survival to higher psychological growth
C. Motivation is only financial
D. Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia, World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change AS Level Business Full Scale Course

Answer key and explanations

1. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Taylor believed workers were motivated by money and promoted piece-rate pay.

2. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Mayo stressed social interaction and teamwork.

3. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy progresses from physiological to safety, social, esteem, and self-actualisation.

4. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Motivators include achievement, recognition, and responsibility.

5. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pay, supervision, and working conditions are hygiene factors.

6. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: McClelland proposed the Three Needs Theory.

7. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Power-oriented individuals want control.

8. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Social needs are linked to belonging and friendship.

9. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate.

10. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vroom developed Expectancy Theory.

11. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence.

12. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Expectancy = belief that effort improves performance.

13. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Instrumentality = belief performance leads to rewards.

14. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Maslow’s order is not fixed in all situations.

15. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Job enrichment increases motivation.

16. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Taylor argued money is the main motivator.

17. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Job enrichment gives more responsibility and challenge.

18. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Esteem needs include recognition and respect.

19. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Mayo found productivity rose due to attention and social factors.

20. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Affiliation needs = relationships and teamwork.

21. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vroom said motivation depends on belief effort → reward.

22. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Self-actualisation is reaching full potential.

23. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Taylor ignored non-financial motivators.

24. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Without motivators, employees are not motivated but not dissatisfied.

25. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Piece-rate pay is linked to Taylor.

26. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vroom suggests aligning rewards with employee values.

27. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Achievement is a motivator.

28. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Physiological needs are basic and first.

29. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Achievement-driven individuals pursue goals.

30. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Mayo showed attention improves productivity.

31. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Salary is a hygiene factor.

32. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Maslow’s model moves from basic to growth needs.