20 Sections
531 Lessons
32 Weeks

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Sample Content
Sample Notes, Videos, Quizzes, Cheat Sheets, Assignments and Much More For Pre-Purchase Consideration.
4
- 1.1
  Sample Notes: Physical Quantities And Units
- 1.2
  Sample Notes: Practical Skills
- 1.3
  Sample Quizzes For Preparation: Physical Quantities And Units
- 1.4
  Sample Quizzes For Preparation: Practical Skills
Course Related Information
Important Information Related To The Courses, Live Classes, Zoom Links etc.
3
- 2.1
  Schedule For Live Classes
  9 Minutes
- 2.2
  Zoom Details
- 2.3
  Course Breakup
Notes + Written Material For Contents of The Syllabus
Notes for Chapters + Written Resources Regarding The Content
144
- 3.1
  Physical Quantities: Understand That All Physical Quantities Consist Of A Numerical Magnitude And A Unit
- 3.2
  Physical Quantities: Make Reasonable Estimates Of Physical Quantities Included Within The Syllabus
- 3.3
  Si Units: Recall The Following Si Base Quantities And Their Units: Mass (Kg), Length (M), Time (S), Current (A), Temperature (K)
- 3.4
  Si Units: Express Derived Units As Products Or Quotients Of The Si Base Units And Use The Derived Units For Quantities Listed In This Syllabus As Appropriate
- 3.5
  Si Units: Use Si Base Units To Check The Homogeneity Of Physical Equations
- 3.6
  Si Units: Recall And Use The Following Prefixes And Their Symbols To Indicate Decimal Submultiples Or Multiples Of Both Base And Derived Units: Pico (P), Nano (N), Micro (μ), Milli (M), Centi (C), Deci (D), Kilo (K), Mega (M), Giga (G), Tera (T)
- 3.7
  Errors And Uncertainties: Understand And Explain The Effects Of Systematic Errors (Including Zero Errors) And Random Errors In Measurements
- 3.8
  Errors And Uncertainties: Understand The Distinction Between Precision And Accuracy
- 3.9
  Errors And Uncertainties: Assess The Uncertainty In A Derived Quantity By Simple Addition Of Absolute Or Percentage Uncertainties
- 3.10
  Scalars And Vectors: Understand The Difference Between Scalar And Vector Quantities And Give Examples Of Scalar And Vector Quantities Included In The Syllabus
- 3.11
  Scalars And Vectors: Add And Subtract Coplanar Vectors
- 3.12
  Scalars And Vectors: Represent A Vector As Two Perpendicular Components
- 3.13
  Equations Of Motion: Define And Use Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity And Acceleration
- 3.14
  Equations Of Motion: Use Graphical Methods To Represent Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity And Acceleration
- 3.15
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Displacement From The Area Under A Velocity–time Graph
- 3.16
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Velocity Using The Gradient Of A Displacement–time Graph
- 3.17
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Acceleration Using The Gradient Of A Velocity–time Graph
- 3.18
  Equations Of Motion: Derive, From The Definitions Of Velocity And Acceleration, Equations That Represent Uniformly Accelerated Motion In A Straight Line
- 3.19
  Equations Of Motion: Solve Problems Using Equations That Represent Uniformly Accelerated Motion In A Straight Line, Including The Motion Of Bodies Falling In A Uniform Gravitational Field Without Air Resistance
- 3.20
  Equations Of Motion: Describe An Experiment To Determine The Acceleration Of Free Fall Using A Falling Object
- 3.21
  Equations Of Motion: Describe And Explain Motion Due To A Uniform Velocity In One Direction And A Uniform Acceleration In A Perpendicular Direction
- 3.22
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Understand That Mass Is The Property Of An Object That Resists Change In Motion
- 3.23
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Recall F = Ma And Solve Problems Using It, Understanding That Acceleration And Resultant Force Are Always In The Same Direction
- 3.24
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Define And Use Linear Momentum As The Product Of Mass And Velocity
- 3.25
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Define And Use Force As Rate Of Change Of Momentum
- 3.26
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: State And Apply Each Of Newton’s Laws Of Motion
- 3.27
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: escribe And Use The Concept Of Weight As The Effect Of A Gravitational Field On A Mass And Recall That The Weight Of An Object Is Equal To The Product Of Its Mass And The Acceleration Of Free Fall
- 3.28
  Non-uniform Motion: Show A Qualitative Understanding Of Frictional Forces And Viscous/drag Forces Including Air Resistance (No Treatment Of The Coefficients Of Friction And Viscosity Is Required, And A Simple Model Of Drag Force Increasing As Speed Increases Is Sufficient)
- 3.29
  Non-uniform Motion: Describe And Explain Qualitatively The Motion Of Objects In A Uniform Gravitational Field With Air Resistance
- 3.30
  Non-uniform Motion: Understand That Objects Moving Against A Resistive Force May Reach A Terminal (Constant) Velocity
- 3.31
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: State The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum
- 3.32
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Apply The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum To Solve Simple Problems, Including Elastic And Inelastic Interactions Between Objects In Both One And Two Dimensions (Knowledge Of The Concept Of Coefficient Of Restitution Is Not Required)
- 3.33
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Recall That, For An Elastic Collision, Total Kinetic Energy Is Conserved And The Relative Speed Of Approach Is Equal To The Relative Speed Of Separation
- 3.34
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Understand That, While Momentum Of A System Is Always Conserved In Interactions Between Objects, Some Change In Kinetic Energy May Take Place
- 3.35
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Understand That The Weight Of An Object May Be Taken As Acting At A Single Point Known As Its Centre Of Gravity
- 3.36
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Define And Apply The Moment Of A Force
- 3.37
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Understand That A Couple Is A Pair Of Forces That Acts To Produce Rotation Only
- 3.38
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Define And Apply The Torque Of A Couple
- 3.39
  Equilibrium Of Forces: State And Apply The Principle Of Moments
- 3.40
  Equilibrium Of Forces: Understand That, When There Is No Resultant Force And No Resultant Torque, A System Is In Equilibrium
- 3.41
  Equilibrium Of Forces: Use A Vector Triangle To Represent Coplanar Forces In Equilibrium
- 3.42
  Density And Pressure: Define And Use Density
- 3.43
  Density And Pressure: Define And Use Pressure
- 3.44
  Density And Pressure: Derive, From The Definitions Of Pressure And Density, The Equation For Hydrostatic Pressure ∆p = Ρg∆h
- 3.45
  Density And Pressure: Use The Equation ∆p = Ρg∆h
- 3.46
  Density And Pressure: Understand That The Upthrust Acting On An Object In A Fluid Is Due To A Difference In Hydrostatic Pressure
- 3.47
  Density And Pressure: Calculate The Upthrust Acting On An Object In A Fluid Using The Equation F = Ρgv (Archimedes’ Principle)
- 3.48
  Energy Conservation: Understand The Concept Of Work, And Recall And Use Work Done = Force × Displacement In The Direction Of The Force
- 3.49
  Energy Conservation: Recall And Apply The Principle Of Conservation Of Energy
- 3.50
  Energy Conservation: Recall And Understand That The Efficiency Of A System Is The Ratio Of Useful Energy Output From The System To The Total Energy Input
- 3.51
  Energy Conservation: Use The Concept Of Efficiency To Solve Problems
- 3.52
  Energy Conservation: Define Power As Work Done Per Unit Time
- 3.53
  Energy Conservation: Solve Problems Using P = W/t
- 3.54
  Energy Conservation: Derive P = Fv And Use It To Solve Problems
- 3.55
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Derive, Using W = Fs, The Formula ∆ep = Mg∆h For Gravitational Potential Energy Changes In A Uniform Gravitational Field
- 3.56
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Recall And Use The Formula ∆ep = Mg∆h For Gravitational Potential Energy Changes In A Uniform Gravitational Field
- 3.57
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Derive, Using The Equations Of Motion, The Formula For Kinetic Energy Ek = 2 1 Mv2 4 Recall And Use Ek = 2 1 Mv
- 3.58
  Stress And Strain: Understand That Deformation Is Caused By Tensile Or Compressive Forces (Forces And Deformations Will Be Assumed To Be In One Dimension Only)
- 3.59
  Stress And Strain: Understand And Use The Terms Load, Extension, Compression And Limit Of Proportionality
- 3.60
  Stress And Strain: Recall And Use Hooke’s Law
- 3.61
  Stress And Strain: Recall And Use The Formula For The Spring Constant K = F/ X
- 3.62
  Stress And Strain: Define And Use The Terms Stress, Strain And The Young Modulus
- 3.63
  Stress And Strain: Describe An Experiment To Determine The Young Modulus Of A Metal In The Form Of A Wire
- 3.64
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Understand And Use The Terms Elastic Deformation, Plastic Deformation And Elastic Limit
- 3.65
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Understand That The Area Under The Force–extension Graph Represents The Work Done
- 3.66
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Determine The Elastic Potential Energy Of A Material Deformed Within Its Limit Of Proportionality From The Area Under The Force–extension Graph
- 3.67
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Recall And Use Ep = 2 1 Fx = 2 1 Kx2 For A Material Deformed Within Its Limit Of Proportionality
- 3.68
  Progressive Waves: Describe What Is Meant By Wave Motion As Illustrated By Vibration In Ropes, Springs And Ripple Tanks
- 3.69
  Progressive Waves: Understand And Use The Terms Displacement, Amplitude, Phase Difference, Period, Frequency, Wavelength And Speed
- 3.70
  Progressive Waves: Understand The Use Of The Time-base And Y-gain Of A Cathode-ray Oscilloscope (Cro) To Determine Frequency And Amplitude
- 3.71
  Progressive Waves: Derive, Using The Definitions Of Speed, Frequency And Wavelength, The Wave Equation V = F Λ
- 3.72
  Progressive Waves: Recall And Use V = F Λ
- 3.73
  Progressive Waves: Understand That Energy Is Transferred By A Progressive Wave
- 3.74
  Progressive Waves: Recall And Use Intensity = Power/area And Intensity ∝ (Amplitude) 2 For A Progressive Wave
- 3.75
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves: Compare Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 3.76
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves: Analyse And Interpret Graphical Representations Of Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 3.77
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves: Understand That When A Source Of Sound Waves Moves Relative To A Stationary Observer, The Observed Frequency Is Different From The Source Frequency (Understanding Of The Doppler Effect For A Stationary Source And A Moving Observer Is Not Required)
- 3.78
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves: Use The Expression F Ο = F S V /(V ± Vs ) For The Observed Frequency When A Source Of Sound Waves Moves Relative To A Stationary Observer
- 3.79
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: State That All Electromagnetic Waves Are Transverse Waves That Travel With The Same Speed C In Free Space
- 3.80
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: Recall The Approximate Range Of Wavelengths In Free Space Of The Principal Regions Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum From Radio Waves To Γ-rays
- 3.81
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: Recall That Wavelengths In The Range 400–700nm In Free Space Are Visible To The Human Eye
- 3.82
  Polarisation: Understand That Polarisation Is A Phenomenon Associated With Transverse Waves
- 3.83
  Polarisation: Recall And Use Malus’s Law (I = I0 Cos2 Θ ) To Calculate The Intensity Of A Plane-polarised Electromagnetic Wave After Transmission Through A Polarising Filter Or A Series Of Polarising Filters (Calculation Of The Effect Of A Polarising Filter On The Intensity Of An Unpolarised Wave Is Not Required)
- 3.84
  Stationary Waves: Explain And Use The Principle Of Superposition
- 3.85
  Stationary Waves: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Stationary Waves Using Microwaves, Stretched Strings And Air Columns (It Will Be Assumed That End Corrections Are Negligible; Knowledge Of The Concept Of End Corrections Is Not Required)
- 3.86
  Stationary Waves: Explain The Formation Of A Stationary Wave Using A Graphical Method, And Identify Nodes And Antinodes
- 3.87
  Stationary Waves: Understand How Wavelength May Be Determined From The Positions Of Nodes Or Antinodes Of A Stationary Wave
- 3.88
  Diffraction: Explain The Meaning Of The Term Diffraction
- 3.89
  Diffraction: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Diffraction Including The Qualitative Effect Of The Gap Width Relative To The Wavelength Of The Wave; For Example Diffraction Of Water Waves In A Ripple Tank
- 3.90
  Interference: Understand The Terms Interference And Coherence
- 3.91
  Interference: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Two-source Interference Using Water Waves In A Ripple Tank, Sound, Light And Microwaves
- 3.92
  Interference: Understand The Conditions Required If Two-source Interference Fringes Are To Be Observed
- 3.93
  Interference: Recall And Use Λ = Ax /d For Double-slit Interference Using Light
- 3.94
  The Diffraction Grating: Recall And Use D Sin Θ = Nλ
- 3.95
  The Diffraction Grating: Describe The Use Of A Diffraction Grating To Determine The Wavelength Of Light (The Structure And Use Of The Spectrometer Are Not Included)
- 3.96
  Electric Current: Understand That An Electric Current Is A Flow Of Charge Carriers
- 3.97
  Electric Current: Understand That The Charge On Charge Carriers Is Quantised
- 3.98
  Electric Current: Recall And Use Q = It
- 3.99
  Electric Current: Use, For A Current-carrying Conductor, The Expression I = Anvq, Where N Is The Number Density Of Charge Carriers
- 3.100
  Potential Difference And Power: Define The Potential Difference Across A Component As The Energy Transferred Per Unit Charge
- 3.101
  Potential Difference And Power: Recall And Use V = W/q
- 3.102
  Potential Difference And Power: Recall And Use P = Vi, P = I2 R And P = V2 /r
- 3.103
  Resistance And Resistivity: Define Resistance
- 3.104
  Resistance And Resistivity: Recall And Use V = Ir
- 3.105
  Resistance And Resistivity: Sketch The I–v Characteristics Of A Metallic Conductor At Constant Temperature, A Semiconductor Diode And A Filament Lamp
- 3.106
  Resistance And Resistivity: Explain That The Resistance Of A Filament Lamp Increases As Current Increases Because Its Temperature Increases
- 3.107
  Resistance And Resistivity: State Ohm’s Law
- 3.108
  Resistance And Resistivity: Recall And Use R = Ρl/a
- 3.109
  Resistance And Resistivity: Understand That The Resistance Of A Light-dependent Resistor (Ldr) Decreases As The Light Intensity Increases
- 3.110
  Resistance And Resistivity: Understand That The Resistance Of A Thermistor Decreases As The Temperature Increases (It Will Be Assumed That Thermistors Have A Negative Temperature Coefficient)
- 3.111
  Practical Circuits: Recall And Use The Circuit Symbols Shown In Section 6 Of This Syllabus
- 3.112
  Practical Circuits: Draw And Interpret Circuit Diagrams Containing The Circuit Symbols Shown In Section 6 Of This Syllabus
- 3.113
  Practical Circuits: Define And Use The Electromotive Force (E.m.f.) Of A Source As Energy Transferred Per Unit Charge In Driving Charge Around A Complete Circuit
- 3.114
  Practical Circuits: Distinguish Between E.m.f. And Potential Difference (P.d.) In Terms Of Energy Considerations
- 3.115
  Practical Circuits: Understand The Effects Of The Internal Resistance Of A Source Of E.m.f. On The Terminal Potential Difference
- 3.116
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Recall Kirchhoff’s First Law And Understand That It Is A Consequence Of Conservation Of Charge
- 3.117
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Recall Kirchhoff’s Second Law And Understand That It Is A Consequence Of Conservation Of Energy
- 3.118
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Derive, Using Kirchhoff’s Laws, A Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Series
- 3.119
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use The Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Series
- 3.120
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Derive, Using Kirchhoff’s Laws, A Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Parallel
- 3.121
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use The Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Parallel
- 3.122
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use Kirchhoff’s Laws To Solve Simple Circuit Problems
- 3.123
  Potential Dividers: Understand The Principle Of A Potential Divider Circuit
- 3.124
  Potential Dividers: Recall And Use The Principle Of The Potentiometer As A Means Of Comparing Potential Differences
- 3.125
  Potential Dividers: Understand The Use Of A Galvanometer In Null Methods
- 3.126
  Potential Dividers: Explain The Use Of Thermistors And Light-dependent Resistors In Potential Dividers To Provide A Potential
- 3.127
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Infer From The Results Of The Α-particle Scattering Experiment The Existence And Small Size Of The Nucleus
- 3.128
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Describe A Simple Model For The Nuclear Atom To Include Protons, Neutrons And Orbital Electrons
- 3.129
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Distinguish Between Nucleon Number And Proton Number
- 3.130
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Isotopes Are Forms Of The Same Element With Different Numbers Of Neutrons In Their Nuclei
- 3.131
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand And Use The Notation A Z X For The Representation Of Nuclides
- 3.132
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Nucleon Number And Charge Are Conserved In Nuclear Processes
- 3.133
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Describe The Composition, Mass And Charge Of Α-, Β- And Γ-radiations (Both Β– (Electrons) And Β+ (Positrons) Are Included)
- 3.134
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That An Antiparticle Has The Same Mass But Opposite Charge To The Corresponding Particle, And That A Positron Is The Antiparticle Of An Electron
- 3.135
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: State That (Electron) Antineutrinos Are Produced During Β– Decay And (Electron) Neutrinos Are Produced During Β+ Decay
- 3.136
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Α-particles Have Discrete Energies But That Β-particles Have A Continuous Range Of Energies Because (Anti)neutrinos Are Emitted In Β-decay
- 3.137
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Represent Α- And Β-decay By A Radioactive Decay Equation Of The Form U Th 92 238 90 234 2 ” + 4α
- 3.138
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Use The Unified Atomic Mass Unit (U) As A Unit Of Mass
- 3.139
  Fundamental Particles: Understand That A Quark Is A Fundamental Particle And That There Are Six Flavours (Types) Of Quark: Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Top And Bottom
- 3.140
  Fundamental Particles: Recall And Use The Charge Of Each Flavour Of Quark And Understand That Its Respective Antiquark Has The Opposite Charge (No Knowledge Of Any Other Properties Of Quarks Is Required)
- 3.141
  Fundamental Particles: Recall That Protons And Neutrons Are Not Fundamental Particles And Describe Protons And Neutrons In Terms Of Their Quark Composition
- 3.142
  Fundamental Particles: Understand That A Hadron May Be Either A Baryon (Consisting Of Three Quarks) Or A Meson (Consisting Of One Quark And One Antiquark)
- 3.143
  Fundamental Particles: Describe The Changes To Quark Composition That Take Place During Β– And Β+ Decay
- 3.144
  Fundamental Particles: Recall That Electrons And Neutrinos Are Fundamental Particles Called Leptons
Video Lectures For The Content
Video Lectures Covering Course Content In Detail
12
- 4.1
  Physical Quantities And Units
- 4.2
  Kinematics
- 4.3
  Dynamics
- 4.4
  Forces, Density And Pressure
- 4.5
  Work, Energy And Power
- 4.6
  Deformation of Solids
- 4.7
  Waves
- 4.8
  Superposition
- 4.9
  Electricity
- 4.10
  D.C. Circuits
- 4.11
  Particles Physics
- 4.12
  Practical Skills.
Quizzes
Short Quizzes To Auto-Test Your Knowledge of The Syllabus
23
- 5.1
  Physical Quantities And Units
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.2
  Kinematics
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.3
  Dynamics
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.4
  Work, Energy And Power
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.5
  Deformation of Solids
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.6
  Waves
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.7
  Superposition
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.8
  Electricity
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.9
  D.C. Circuits
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.10
  Particle Physics
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.11
  Practical Skills
  10 Minutes0 Questions
- 5.12
  Physical Quantities And Units
- 5.13
  Kinematics
- 5.14
  Dynamics
- 5.15
  Forces, Density And Pressure
- 5.16
  Work, Energy And Power
- 5.17
  Deformation of Solids
- 5.18
  Waves
- 5.19
  Superposition
- 5.20
  Electricity
- 5.21
  D.C. Circuits
- 5.22
  Particle Physics
- 5.23
  Practical Skills
Quizzes For Preparation
Quizzes With Detailed Explained Answers And Common Mistakes Discussed In Detail
144
- 6.1
  Physical Quantities: Understand That All Physical Quantities Consist Of A Numerical Magnitude And A Unit
- 6.2
  Physical Quantities: Make Reasonable Estimates Of Physical Quantities Included Within The Syllabus
- 6.3
  Si Units: Recall The Following Si Base Quantities And Their Units: Mass (Kg), Length (M), Time (S), Current (A), Temperature (K)
- 6.4
  Si Units: Express Derived Units As Products Or Quotients Of The Si Base Units And Use The Derived Units For Quantities Listed In This Syllabus As Appropriate
- 6.5
  Si Units: Use Si Base Units To Check The Homogeneity Of Physical Equations
- 6.6
  Si Units: Recall And Use The Following Prefixes And Their Symbols To Indicate Decimal Submultiples Or Multiples Of Both Base And Derived Units: Pico (P), Nano (N), Micro (μ), Milli (M), Centi (C), Deci (D), Kilo (K), Mega (M), Giga (G), Tera (T)
- 6.7
  Errors And Uncertainties: Understand And Explain The Effects Of Systematic Errors (Including Zero Errors) And Random Errors In Measurements
- 6.8
  Errors And Uncertainties: Understand The Distinction Between Precision And Accuracy
- 6.9
  Errors And Uncertainties: Assess The Uncertainty In A Derived Quantity By Simple Addition Of Absolute Or Percentage Uncertainties
- 6.10
  Scalars And Vectors: Understand The Difference Between Scalar And Vector Quantities And Give Examples Of Scalar And Vector Quantities Included In The Syllabus
- 6.11
  Scalars And Vectors: Add And Subtract Coplanar Vectors
- 6.12
  Scalars And Vectors: Represent A Vector As Two Perpendicular Components
- 6.13
  Equations Of Motion: Define And Use Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity And Acceleration
- 6.14
  Equations Of Motion: Use Graphical Methods To Represent Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity And Acceleration
- 6.15
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Displacement From The Area Under A Velocity–time Graph
- 6.16
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Velocity Using The Gradient Of A Displacement–time Graph
- 6.17
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Acceleration Using The Gradient Of A Velocity–time Graph
- 6.18
  Equations Of Motion: Derive, From The Definitions Of Velocity And Acceleration, Equations That Represent Uniformly Accelerated Motion In A Straight Line
- 6.19
  Equations Of Motion: Solve Problems Using Equations That Represent Uniformly Accelerated Motion In A Straight Line, Including The Motion Of Bodies Falling In A Uniform Gravitational Field Without Air Resistance
- 6.20
  Equations Of Motion: Describe An Experiment To Determine The Acceleration Of Free Fall Using A Falling Object
- 6.21
  Equations Of Motion: Describe And Explain Motion Due To A Uniform Velocity In One Direction And A Uniform Acceleration In A Perpendicular Direction
- 6.22
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Understand That Mass Is The Property Of An Object That Resists Change In Motion
- 6.23
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Recall F = Ma And Solve Problems Using It, Understanding That Acceleration And Resultant Force Are Always In The Same Direction
- 6.24
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Define And Use Linear Momentum As The Product Of Mass And Velocity
- 6.25
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Define And Use Force As Rate Of Change Of Momentum
- 6.26
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: State And Apply Each Of Newton’s Laws Of Motion
- 6.27
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: escribe And Use The Concept Of Weight As The Effect Of A Gravitational Field On A Mass And Recall That The Weight Of An Object Is Equal To The Product Of Its Mass And The Acceleration Of Free Fall
- 6.28
  Non-uniform Motion: Show A Qualitative Understanding Of Frictional Forces And Viscous/drag Forces Including Air Resistance (No Treatment Of The Coefficients Of Friction And Viscosity Is Required, And A Simple Model Of Drag Force Increasing As Speed Increases Is Sufficient)
- 6.29
  Non-uniform Motion: Describe And Explain Qualitatively The Motion Of Objects In A Uniform Gravitational Field With Air Resistance
- 6.30
  Non-uniform Motion: Understand That Objects Moving Against A Resistive Force May Reach A Terminal (Constant) Velocity
- 6.31
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: State The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum
- 6.32
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Apply The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum To Solve Simple Problems, Including Elastic And Inelastic Interactions Between Objects In Both One And Two Dimensions (Knowledge Of The Concept Of Coefficient Of Restitution Is Not Required)
- 6.33
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Recall That, For An Elastic Collision, Total Kinetic Energy Is Conserved And The Relative Speed Of Approach Is Equal To The Relative Speed Of Separation
- 6.34
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Understand That, While Momentum Of A System Is Always Conserved In Interactions Between Objects, Some Change In Kinetic Energy May Take Place
- 6.35
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Understand That The Weight Of An Object May Be Taken As Acting At A Single Point Known As Its Centre Of Gravity
- 6.36
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Define And Apply The Moment Of A Force
- 6.37
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Understand That A Couple Is A Pair Of Forces That Acts To Produce Rotation Only
- 6.38
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Define And Apply The Torque Of A Couple
- 6.39
  Equilibrium Of Forces: State And Apply The Principle Of Moments
- 6.40
  Equilibrium Of Forces: Understand That, When There Is No Resultant Force And No Resultant Torque, A System Is In Equilibrium
- 6.41
  Equilibrium Of Forces: Use A Vector Triangle To Represent Coplanar Forces In Equilibrium
- 6.42
  Density And Pressure: Define And Use Density
- 6.43
  Density And Pressure: Define And Use Pressure
- 6.44
  Density And Pressure: Derive, From The Definitions Of Pressure And Density, The Equation For Hydrostatic Pressure ∆p = Ρg∆h
- 6.45
  Density And Pressure: Use The Equation ∆p = Ρg∆h
- 6.46
  Density And Pressure: Understand That The Upthrust Acting On An Object In A Fluid Is Due To A Difference In Hydrostatic Pressure
- 6.47
  Density And Pressure: Calculate The Upthrust Acting On An Object In A Fluid Using The Equation F = Ρgv (Archimedes’ Principle)
- 6.48
  Energy Conservation: Understand The Concept Of Work, And Recall And Use Work Done = Force × Displacement In The Direction Of The Force
- 6.49
  Energy Conservation: Recall And Apply The Principle Of Conservation Of Energy
- 6.50
  Energy Conservation: Recall And Understand That The Efficiency Of A System Is The Ratio Of Useful Energy Output From The System To The Total Energy Input
- 6.51
  Energy Conservation: Use The Concept Of Efficiency To Solve Problems
- 6.52
  Energy Conservation: Define Power As Work Done Per Unit Time
- 6.53
  Energy Conservation: Solve Problems Using P = W/t
- 6.54
  Energy Conservation: Derive P = Fv And Use It To Solve Problems
- 6.55
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Derive, Using W = Fs, The Formula ∆ep = Mg∆h For Gravitational Potential Energy Changes In A Uniform Gravitational Field
- 6.56
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Recall And Use The Formula ∆ep = Mg∆h For Gravitational Potential Energy Changes In A Uniform Gravitational Field
- 6.57
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Derive, Using The Equations Of Motion, The Formula For Kinetic Energy Ek = 2 1 Mv2 4 Recall And Use Ek = 2 1 Mv
- 6.58
  Stress And Strain: Understand That Deformation Is Caused By Tensile Or Compressive Forces (Forces And Deformations Will Be Assumed To Be In One Dimension Only)
- 6.59
  Stress And Strain: Understand And Use The Terms Load, Extension, Compression And Limit Of Proportionality
- 6.60
  Stress And Strain: Recall And Use Hooke’s Law
- 6.61
  Stress And Strain: Recall And Use The Formula For The Spring Constant K = F/ X
- 6.62
  Stress And Strain: Define And Use The Terms Stress, Strain And The Young Modulus
- 6.63
  Stress And Strain: Describe An Experiment To Determine The Young Modulus Of A Metal In The Form Of A Wire
- 6.64
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Understand And Use The Terms Elastic Deformation, Plastic Deformation And Elastic Limit
- 6.65
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Understand That The Area Under The Force–extension Graph Represents The Work Done
- 6.66
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Determine The Elastic Potential Energy Of A Material Deformed Within Its Limit Of Proportionality From The Area Under The Force–extension Graph
- 6.67
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Recall And Use Ep = 2 1 Fx = 2 1 Kx2 For A Material Deformed Within Its Limit Of Proportionality
- 6.68
  Progressive Waves: Describe What Is Meant By Wave Motion As Illustrated By Vibration In Ropes, Springs And Ripple Tanks
- 6.69
  Progressive Waves: Understand And Use The Terms Displacement, Amplitude, Phase Difference, Period, Frequency, Wavelength And Speed
- 6.70
  Progressive Waves: Understand The Use Of The Time-base And Y-gain Of A Cathode-ray Oscilloscope (Cro) To Determine Frequency And Amplitude
- 6.71
  Progressive Waves: Derive, Using The Definitions Of Speed, Frequency And Wavelength, The Wave Equation V = F Λ
- 6.72
  Progressive Waves: Recall And Use V = F Λ
- 6.73
  Progressive Waves: Recall And Use Intensity = Power/area And Intensity ∝ (Amplitude) 2 For A Progressive Wave
- 6.74
  Progressive Waves: Understand That Energy Is Transferred By A Progressive Wave
- 6.75
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves: Compare Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 6.76
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves: Analyse And Interpret Graphical Representations Of Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 6.77
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves: Understand That When A Source Of Sound Waves Moves Relative To A Stationary Observer, The Observed Frequency Is Different From The Source Frequency (Understanding Of The Doppler Effect For A Stationary Source And A Moving Observer Is Not Required)
- 6.78
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves: Use The Expression F Ο = F S V /(V ± Vs ) For The Observed Frequency When A Source Of Sound Waves Moves Relative To A Stationary Observer
- 6.79
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: State That All Electromagnetic Waves Are Transverse Waves That Travel With The Same Speed C In Free Space
- 6.80
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: Recall The Approximate Range Of Wavelengths In Free Space Of The Principal Regions Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum From Radio Waves To Γ-rays
- 6.81
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: Recall That Wavelengths In The Range 400–700nm In Free Space Are Visible To The Human Eye
- 6.82
  Polarisation: Understand That Polarisation Is A Phenomenon Associated With Transverse Waves
- 6.83
  Polarisation: Recall And Use Malus’s Law (I = I0 Cos2 Θ ) To Calculate The Intensity Of A Plane-polarised Electromagnetic Wave After Transmission Through A Polarising Filter Or A Series Of Polarising Filters (Calculation Of The Effect Of A Polarising Filter On The Intensity Of An Unpolarised Wave Is Not Required)
- 6.84
  Stationary Waves: Explain And Use The Principle Of Superposition
- 6.85
  Stationary Waves: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Stationary Waves Using Microwaves, Stretched Strings And Air Columns (It Will Be Assumed That End Corrections Are Negligible; Knowledge Of The Concept Of End Corrections Is Not Required)
- 6.86
  Stationary Waves: Explain The Formation Of A Stationary Wave Using A Graphical Method, And Identify Nodes And Antinodes
- 6.87
  Stationary Waves: Understand How Wavelength May Be Determined From The Positions Of Nodes Or Antinodes Of A Stationary Wave
- 6.88
  Diffraction: Explain The Meaning Of The Term Diffraction
- 6.89
  Diffraction: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Diffraction Including The Qualitative Effect Of The Gap Width Relative To The Wavelength Of The Wave; For Example Diffraction Of Water Waves In A Ripple Tank
- 6.90
  Interference: Understand The Terms Interference And Coherence
- 6.91
  Interference: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Two-source Interference Using Water Waves In A Ripple Tank, Sound, Light And Microwaves
- 6.92
  Interference: Understand The Conditions Required If Two-source Interference Fringes Are To Be Observed
- 6.93
  Interference: Recall And Use Λ = Ax /d For Double-slit Interference Using Light
- 6.94
  The Diffraction Grating: Recall And Use D Sin Θ = Nλ
- 6.95
  The Diffraction Grating: Describe The Use Of A Diffraction Grating To Determine The Wavelength Of Light (The Structure And Use Of The Spectrometer Are Not Included)
- 6.96
  Electric Current: Understand That An Electric Current Is A Flow Of Charge Carriers
- 6.97
  Electric Current: Understand That The Charge On Charge Carriers Is Quantised
- 6.98
  Electric Current: Recall And Use Q = It
- 6.99
  Electric Current: Use, For A Current-carrying Conductor, The Expression I = Anvq, Where N Is The Number Density Of Charge Carriers
- 6.100
  Potential Difference And Power: Define The Potential Difference Across A Component As The Energy Transferred Per Unit Charge
- 6.101
  Potential Difference And Power: Recall And Use V = W/q
- 6.102
  Potential Difference And Power: Recall And Use P = Vi, P = I2 R And P = V2 /r
- 6.103
  Resistance And Resistivity: Define Resistance
- 6.104
  Resistance And Resistivity: Recall And Use V = Ir
- 6.105
  Resistance And Resistivity: Sketch The I–v Characteristics Of A Metallic Conductor At Constant Temperature, A Semiconductor Diode And A Filament Lamp
- 6.106
  Resistance And Resistivity: Explain That The Resistance Of A Filament Lamp Increases As Current Increases Because Its Temperature Increases
- 6.107
  Resistance And Resistivity: State Ohm’s Law
- 6.108
  Resistance And Resistivity: Recall And Use R = Ρl/a
- 6.109
  Resistance And Resistivity: Understand That The Resistance Of A Light-dependent Resistor (Ldr) Decreases As The Light Intensity Increases
- 6.110
  Resistance And Resistivity: Understand That The Resistance Of A Thermistor Decreases As The Temperature Increases (It Will Be Assumed That Thermistors Have A Negative Temperature Coefficient)
- 6.111
  Practical Circuits: Recall And Use The Circuit Symbols Shown In Section 6 Of This Syllabus
- 6.112
  Practical Circuits: Draw And Interpret Circuit Diagrams Containing The Circuit Symbols Shown In Section 6 Of This Syllabus
- 6.113
  Practical Circuits: Define And Use The Electromotive Force (E.m.f.) Of A Source As Energy Transferred Per Unit Charge In Driving Charge Around A Complete Circuit
- 6.114
  Practical Circuits: Distinguish Between E.m.f. And Potential Difference (P.d.) In Terms Of Energy Considerations
- 6.115
  Practical Circuits: Understand The Effects Of The Internal Resistance Of A Source Of E.m.f. On The Terminal Potential Difference
- 6.116
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Recall Kirchhoff’s First Law And Understand That It Is A Consequence Of Conservation Of Charge
- 6.117
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Recall Kirchhoff’s Second Law And Understand That It Is A Consequence Of Conservation Of Energy
- 6.118
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Derive, Using Kirchhoff’s Laws, A Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Series
- 6.119
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use The Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Series
- 6.120
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Derive, Using Kirchhoff’s Laws, A Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Parallel
- 6.121
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use The Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Parallel
- 6.122
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use Kirchhoff’s Laws To Solve Simple Circuit Problems
- 6.123
  Potential Dividers: Understand The Principle Of A Potential Divider Circuit
- 6.124
  Potential Dividers: Recall And Use The Principle Of The Potentiometer As A Means Of Comparing Potential Differences
- 6.125
  Potential Dividers: Understand The Use Of A Galvanometer In Null Methods
- 6.126
  Potential Dividers: Explain The Use Of Thermistors And Light-dependent Resistors In Potential Dividers To Provide A Potential
- 6.127
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Infer From The Results Of The Α-particle Scattering Experiment The Existence And Small Size Of The Nucleus
- 6.128
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Describe A Simple Model For The Nuclear Atom To Include Protons, Neutrons And Orbital Electrons
- 6.129
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Distinguish Between Nucleon Number And Proton Number
- 6.130
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Isotopes Are Forms Of The Same Element With Different Numbers Of Neutrons In Their Nuclei
- 6.131
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand And Use The Notation A Z X For The Representation Of Nuclides
- 6.132
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Nucleon Number And Charge Are Conserved In Nuclear Processes
- 6.133
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Describe The Composition, Mass And Charge Of Α-, Β- And Γ-radiations (Both Β– (Electrons) And Β+ (Positrons) Are Included)
- 6.134
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That An Antiparticle Has The Same Mass But Opposite Charge To The Corresponding Particle, And That A Positron Is The Antiparticle Of An Electron
- 6.135
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: State That (Electron) Antineutrinos Are Produced During Β– Decay And (Electron) Neutrinos Are Produced During Β+ Decay
- 6.136
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Α-particles Have Discrete Energies But That Β-particles Have A Continuous Range Of Energies Because (Anti)neutrinos Are Emitted In Β-decay
- 6.137
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Represent Α- And Β-decay By A Radioactive Decay Equation Of The Form U Th 92 238 90 234 2 ” + 4α
- 6.138
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Use The Unified Atomic Mass Unit (U) As A Unit Of Mass
- 6.139
  Fundamental Particles: Understand That A Quark Is A Fundamental Particle And That There Are Six Flavours (Types) Of Quark: Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Top And Bottom
- 6.140
  Fundamental Particles: Recall And Use The Charge Of Each Flavour Of Quark And Understand That Its Respective Antiquark Has The Opposite Charge (No Knowledge Of Any Other Properties Of Quarks Is Required)
- 6.141
  Fundamental Particles: Recall That Protons And Neutrons Are Not Fundamental Particles And Describe Protons And Neutrons In Terms Of Their Quark Composition
- 6.142
  Fundamental Particles: Understand That A Hadron May Be Either A Baryon (Consisting Of Three Quarks) Or A Meson (Consisting Of One Quark And One Antiquark)
- 6.143
  Fundamental Particles: Describe The Changes To Quark Composition That Take Place During Β– And Β+ Decay
- 6.144
  Fundamental Particles: Recall That Electrons And Neutrinos Are Fundamental Particles Called Leptons
Assignments
Detailed Assignments For Syllabus Preparation (Including Past Paper Questions)
12
- 7.1
  Physical Quantities And Units
  3 Days
- 7.2
  Kinematics
  3 Days
- 7.3
  Dynamics
  3 Days
- 7.4
  Forces, Density And Pressure
  3 Days
- 7.5
  Work, Energy And Power
  3 Days
- 7.6
  Deformation of Solids
  3 Days
- 7.7
  Waves
  3 Days
- 7.8
  Superposition
  3 Days
- 7.9
  Electricity
  3 Days
- 7.10
  D.C. Circuits
  3 Days
- 7.11
  Particle Physics
  3 Days
- 7.12
  Practical Skills
  3 Days
Paper Pattern/ Paper Preparation/ Techniques To Attempt The Paper/ Common Mistakes To Avoid
Detailed Information Including Written + Video Material Regarding Paper Attempt / Preparation/ Techniques/ Common Mistakes To Avoid
0
Solved Past Papers
Detailed Written Explanations And Solutions of Past Papers, Including Model Answers and Explanations For Past Paper Questions
0
Past Paper Sessions
Video Content Regarding Past Paper Solutions
0
Notes (Rearranged Version)
Notes Arranged In A Different Style For Preparation Ease
12
- 11.1
  Physical Quantities And Units
- 11.2
  Kinematics
- 11.3
  Dynamics
- 11.4
  Force, Density And Pressure
- 11.5
  Work, Energy And Power
- 11.6
  Deformation of Solids
- 11.7
  Waves
- 11.8
  Superposition
- 11.9
  Electricity
- 11.10
  D.C. Circuits
- 11.11
  Particle Physics
- 11.12
  Practical Skills
Videos Lectures (Pre-Recorded)
Videos Recorded In A Different Style For Preparation Ease
0
Practical
Content For Practical/ Alternative To Practical Paper In Detail
0
Cheat Sheets
Short, Quick Revision Cheat Sheets
144
- 14.1
  Physical Quantities: Understand That All Physical Quantities Consist Of A Numerical Magnitude And A Unit
- 14.2
  Physical Quantities: Make Reasonable Estimates Of Physical Quantities Included Within The Syllabus
- 14.3
  Si Units: Recall The Following Si Base Quantities And Their Units: Mass (Kg), Length (M), Time (S), Current (A), Temperature (K)
- 14.4
  Si Units: Express Derived Units As Products Or Quotients Of The Si Base Units And Use The Derived Units For Quantities Listed In This Syllabus As Appropriate
- 14.5
  Si Units: Use Si Base Units To Check The Homogeneity Of Physical Equations
- 14.6
  Si Units: Recall And Use The Following Prefixes And Their Symbols To Indicate Decimal Submultiples Or Multiples Of Both Base And Derived Units: Pico (P), Nano (N), Micro (μ), Milli (M), Centi (C), Deci (D), Kilo (K), Mega (M), Giga (G), Tera (T)
- 14.7
  Errors And Uncertainties: Understand And Explain The Effects Of Systematic Errors (Including Zero Errors) And Random Errors In Measurements
- 14.8
  Errors And Uncertainties: Understand The Distinction Between Precision And Accuracy
- 14.9
  Errors And Uncertainties: Assess The Uncertainty In A Derived Quantity By Simple Addition Of Absolute Or Percentage Uncertainties
- 14.10
  Scalars And Vectors: Understand The Difference Between Scalar And Vector Quantities And Give Examples Of Scalar And Vector Quantities Included In The Syllabus
- 14.11
  Scalars And Vectors: Add And Subtract Coplanar Vectors
- 14.12
  Scalars And Vectors: Represent A Vector As Two Perpendicular Components
- 14.13
  Equations Of Motion: Define And Use Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity And Acceleration
- 14.14
  Equations Of Motion: Use Graphical Methods To Represent Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity And Acceleration
- 14.15
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Displacement From The Area Under A Velocity–time Graph
- 14.16
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Velocity Using The Gradient Of A Displacement–time Graph
- 14.17
  Equations Of Motion: Determine Acceleration Using The Gradient Of A Velocity–time Graph
- 14.18
  Equations Of Motion: Derive, From The Definitions Of Velocity And Acceleration, Equations That Represent Uniformly Accelerated Motion In A Straight Line
- 14.19
  Equations Of Motion: Solve Problems Using Equations That Represent Uniformly Accelerated Motion In A Straight Line, Including The Motion Of Bodies Falling In A Uniform Gravitational Field Without Air Resistance
- 14.20
  Equations Of Motion: Describe An Experiment To Determine The Acceleration Of Free Fall Using A Falling Object
- 14.21
  Equations Of Motion: Describe And Explain Motion Due To A Uniform Velocity In One Direction And A Uniform Acceleration In A Perpendicular Direction
- 14.22
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Understand That Mass Is The Property Of An Object That Resists Change In Motion
- 14.23
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Recall F = Ma And Solve Problems Using It, Understanding That Acceleration And Resultant Force Are Always In The Same Direction
- 14.24
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Define And Use Linear Momentum As The Product Of Mass And Velocity
- 14.25
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: Define And Use Force As Rate Of Change Of Momentum
- 14.26
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: State And Apply Each Of Newton’s Laws Of Motion
- 14.27
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion: escribe And Use The Concept Of Weight As The Effect Of A Gravitational Field On A Mass And Recall That The Weight Of An Object Is Equal To The Product Of Its Mass And The Acceleration Of Free Fall
- 14.28
  Non-uniform Motion: Show A Qualitative Understanding Of Frictional Forces And Viscous/drag Forces Including Air Resistance (No Treatment Of The Coefficients Of Friction And Viscosity Is Required, And A Simple Model Of Drag Force Increasing As Speed Increases Is Sufficient)
- 14.29
  Non-uniform Motion: Describe And Explain Qualitatively The Motion Of Objects In A Uniform Gravitational Field With Air Resistance
- 14.30
  Non-uniform Motion: Understand That Objects Moving Against A Resistive Force May Reach A Terminal (Constant) Velocity
- 14.31
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: State The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum
- 14.32
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Apply The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum To Solve Simple Problems, Including Elastic And Inelastic Interactions Between Objects In Both One And Two Dimensions (Knowledge Of The Concept Of Coefficient Of Restitution Is Not Required)
- 14.33
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Recall That, For An Elastic Collision, Total Kinetic Energy Is Conserved And The Relative Speed Of Approach Is Equal To The Relative Speed Of Separation
- 14.34
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation: Understand That, While Momentum Of A System Is Always Conserved In Interactions Between Objects, Some Change In Kinetic Energy May Take Place
- 14.35
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Understand That The Weight Of An Object May Be Taken As Acting At A Single Point Known As Its Centre Of Gravity
- 14.36
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Define And Apply The Moment Of A Force
- 14.37
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Understand That A Couple Is A Pair Of Forces That Acts To Produce Rotation Only
- 14.38
  Turning Effects Of Forces: Define And Apply The Torque Of A Couple
- 14.39
  Equilibrium Of Forces: State And Apply The Principle Of Moments
- 14.40
  Equilibrium Of Forces: Understand That, When There Is No Resultant Force And No Resultant Torque, A System Is In Equilibrium
- 14.41
  Equilibrium Of Forces: Use A Vector Triangle To Represent Coplanar Forces In Equilibrium
- 14.42
  Density And Pressure: Define And Use Density
- 14.43
  Density And Pressure: Define And Use Pressure
- 14.44
  Density And Pressure: Derive, From The Definitions Of Pressure And Density, The Equation For Hydrostatic Pressure ∆p = Ρg∆h
- 14.45
  Density And Pressure: Use The Equation ∆p = Ρg∆h
- 14.46
  Density And Pressure: Understand That The Upthrust Acting On An Object In A Fluid Is Due To A Difference In Hydrostatic Pressure
- 14.47
  Density And Pressure: Calculate The Upthrust Acting On An Object In A Fluid Using The Equation F = Ρgv (Archimedes’ Principle)
- 14.48
  Energy Conservation: Understand The Concept Of Work, And Recall And Use Work Done = Force × Displacement In The Direction Of The Force
- 14.49
  Energy Conservation: Recall And Apply The Principle Of Conservation Of Energy
- 14.50
  Energy Conservation: Recall And Understand That The Efficiency Of A System Is The Ratio Of Useful Energy Output From The System To The Total Energy Input
- 14.51
  Energy Conservation: Use The Concept Of Efficiency To Solve Problems
- 14.52
  Energy Conservation: Define Power As Work Done Per Unit Time
- 14.53
  Energy Conservation: Solve Problems Using P = W/t
- 14.54
  Energy Conservation: Derive P = Fv And Use It To Solve Problems
- 14.55
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Derive, Using W = Fs, The Formula ∆ep = Mg∆h For Gravitational Potential Energy Changes In A Uniform Gravitational Field
- 14.56
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Recall And Use The Formula ∆ep = Mg∆h For Gravitational Potential Energy Changes In A Uniform Gravitational Field
- 14.57
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy: Derive, Using The Equations Of Motion, The Formula For Kinetic Energy Ek = 2 1 Mv2 4 Recall And Use Ek = 2 1 Mv
- 14.58
  Stress And Strain: Understand That Deformation Is Caused By Tensile Or Compressive Forces (Forces And Deformations Will Be Assumed To Be In One Dimension Only)
- 14.59
  Stress And Strain: Understand And Use The Terms Load, Extension, Compression And Limit Of Proportionality
- 14.60
  Stress And Strain: Recall And Use Hooke’s Law
- 14.61
  Stress And Strain: Recall And Use The Formula For The Spring Constant K = F/ X
- 14.62
  Stress And Strain: Define And Use The Terms Stress, Strain And The Young Modulus
- 14.63
  Stress And Strain: Describe An Experiment To Determine The Young Modulus Of A Metal In The Form Of A Wire
- 14.64
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Understand And Use The Terms Elastic Deformation, Plastic Deformation And Elastic Limit
- 14.65
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Understand That The Area Under The Force–extension Graph Represents The Work Done
- 14.66
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Determine The Elastic Potential Energy Of A Material Deformed Within Its Limit Of Proportionality From The Area Under The Force–extension Graph
- 14.67
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour: Recall And Use Ep = 2 1 Fx = 2 1 Kx2 For A Material Deformed Within Its Limit Of Proportionality
- 14.68
  Progressive Waves: Describe What Is Meant By Wave Motion As Illustrated By Vibration In Ropes, Springs And Ripple Tanks
- 14.69
  Progressive Waves: Understand And Use The Terms Displacement, Amplitude, Phase Difference, Period, Frequency, Wavelength And Speed
- 14.70
  Progressive Waves: Understand The Use Of The Time-base And Y-gain Of A Cathode-ray Oscilloscope (Cro) To Determine Frequency And Amplitude
- 14.71
  Progressive Waves: Derive, Using The Definitions Of Speed, Frequency And Wavelength, The Wave Equation V = F Λ
- 14.72
  Progressive Waves: Recall And Use V = F Λ
- 14.73
  Progressive Waves: Understand That Energy Is Transferred By A Progressive Wave
- 14.74
  Progressive Waves: Recall And Use Intensity = Power/area And Intensity ∝ (Amplitude) 2 For A Progressive Wave
- 14.75
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves: Compare Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 14.76
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves: Analyse And Interpret Graphical Representations Of Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 14.77
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves: Understand That When A Source Of Sound Waves Moves Relative To A Stationary Observer, The Observed Frequency Is Different From The Source Frequency (Understanding Of The Doppler Effect For A Stationary Source And A Moving Observer Is Not Required)
- 14.78
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves: Use The Expression F Ο = F S V /(V ± Vs ) For The Observed Frequency When A Source Of Sound Waves Moves Relative To A Stationary Observer
- 14.79
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: State That All Electromagnetic Waves Are Transverse Waves That Travel With The Same Speed C In Free Space
- 14.80
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: Recall The Approximate Range Of Wavelengths In Free Space Of The Principal Regions Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum From Radio Waves To Γ-rays
- 14.81
  Electromagnetic Spectrum: Recall That Wavelengths In The Range 400–700nm In Free Space Are Visible To The Human Eye
- 14.82
  Polarisation: Understand That Polarisation Is A Phenomenon Associated With Transverse Waves
- 14.83
  Polarisation: Recall And Use Malus’s Law (I = I0 Cos2 Θ ) To Calculate The Intensity Of A Plane-polarised Electromagnetic Wave After Transmission Through A Polarising Filter Or A Series Of Polarising Filters (Calculation Of The Effect Of A Polarising Filter On The Intensity Of An Unpolarised Wave Is Not Required)
- 14.84
  Stationary Waves: Explain And Use The Principle Of Superposition
- 14.85
  Stationary Waves: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Stationary Waves Using Microwaves, Stretched Strings And Air Columns (It Will Be Assumed That End Corrections Are Negligible; Knowledge Of The Concept Of End Corrections Is Not Required)
- 14.86
  Stationary Waves: Explain The Formation Of A Stationary Wave Using A Graphical Method, And Identify Nodes And Antinodes
- 14.87
  Stationary Waves: Understand How Wavelength May Be Determined From The Positions Of Nodes Or Antinodes Of A Stationary Wave
- 14.88
  Diffraction: Explain The Meaning Of The Term Diffraction
- 14.89
  Diffraction: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Diffraction Including The Qualitative Effect Of The Gap Width Relative To The Wavelength Of The Wave; For Example Diffraction Of Water Waves In A Ripple Tank
- 14.90
  Interference: Understand The Terms Interference And Coherence
- 14.91
  Interference: Show An Understanding Of Experiments That Demonstrate Two-source Interference Using Water Waves In A Ripple Tank, Sound, Light And Microwaves
- 14.92
  Interference: Understand The Conditions Required If Two-source Interference Fringes Are To Be Observed
- 14.93
  Interference: Recall And Use Λ = Ax /d For Double-slit Interference Using Light
- 14.94
  The Diffraction Grating: Recall And Use D Sin Θ = Nλ
- 14.95
  The Diffraction Grating: Describe The Use Of A Diffraction Grating To Determine The Wavelength Of Light (The Structure And Use Of The Spectrometer Are Not Included)
- 14.96
  Electric Current: Understand That An Electric Current Is A Flow Of Charge Carriers
- 14.97
  Electric Current: Understand That The Charge On Charge Carriers Is Quantised
- 14.98
  Electric Current: Recall And Use Q = It
- 14.99
  Electric Current: Use, For A Current-carrying Conductor, The Expression I = Anvq, Where N Is The Number Density Of Charge Carriers
- 14.100
  Potential Difference And Power: Define The Potential Difference Across A Component As The Energy Transferred Per Unit Charge
- 14.101
  Potential Difference And Power: Recall And Use V = W/q
- 14.102
  Potential Difference And Power: Recall And Use P = Vi, P = I2 R And P = V2 /r
- 14.103
  Resistance And Resistivity: Define Resistance
- 14.104
  Resistance And Resistivity: Recall And Use V = Ir
- 14.105
  Resistance And Resistivity: Sketch The I–v Characteristics Of A Metallic Conductor At Constant Temperature, A Semiconductor Diode And A Filament Lamp
- 14.106
  Resistance And Resistivity: Explain That The Resistance Of A Filament Lamp Increases As Current Increases Because Its Temperature Increases
- 14.107
  Resistance And Resistivity: State Ohm’s Law
- 14.108
  Resistance And Resistivity: Recall And Use R = Ρl/a
- 14.109
  Resistance And Resistivity: Understand That The Resistance Of A Light-dependent Resistor (Ldr) Decreases As The Light Intensity Increases
- 14.110
  Resistance And Resistivity: Understand That The Resistance Of A Thermistor Decreases As The Temperature Increases (It Will Be Assumed That Thermistors Have A Negative Temperature Coefficient)
- 14.111
  Practical Circuits: Recall And Use The Circuit Symbols Shown In Section 6 Of This Syllabus
- 14.112
  Practical Circuits: Define And Use The Electromotive Force (E.m.f.) Of A Source As Energy Transferred Per Unit Charge In Driving Charge Around A Complete Circuit
- 14.113
  Practical Circuits: Draw And Interpret Circuit Diagrams Containing The Circuit Symbols Shown In Section 6 Of This Syllabus
- 14.114
  Practical Circuits: Distinguish Between E.m.f. And Potential Difference (P.d.) In Terms Of Energy Considerations
- 14.115
  Practical Circuits: Understand The Effects Of The Internal Resistance Of A Source Of E.m.f. On The Terminal Potential Difference
- 14.116
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Recall Kirchhoff’s First Law And Understand That It Is A Consequence Of Conservation Of Charge
- 14.117
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Recall Kirchhoff’s Second Law And Understand That It Is A Consequence Of Conservation Of Energy
- 14.118
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Derive, Using Kirchhoff’s Laws, A Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Series
- 14.119
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use The Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Series
- 14.120
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Derive, Using Kirchhoff’s Laws, A Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Parallel
- 14.121
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use The Formula For The Combined Resistance Of Two Or More Resistors In Parallel
- 14.122
  Kirchhoff’s Laws: Use Kirchhoff’s Laws To Solve Simple Circuit Problems
- 14.123
  Potential Dividers: Understand The Principle Of A Potential Divider Circuit
- 14.124
  Potential Dividers: Recall And Use The Principle Of The Potentiometer As A Means Of Comparing Potential Differences
- 14.125
  Potential Dividers: Understand The Use Of A Galvanometer In Null Methods
- 14.126
  Potential Dividers: Explain The Use Of Thermistors And Light-dependent Resistors In Potential Dividers To Provide A Potential
- 14.127
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Infer From The Results Of The Α-particle Scattering Experiment The Existence And Small Size Of The Nucleus
- 14.128
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Describe A Simple Model For The Nuclear Atom To Include Protons, Neutrons And Orbital Electrons
- 14.129
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Distinguish Between Nucleon Number And Proton Number
- 14.130
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Isotopes Are Forms Of The Same Element With Different Numbers Of Neutrons In Their Nuclei
- 14.131
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand And Use The Notation A Z X For The Representation Of Nuclides
- 14.132
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Nucleon Number And Charge Are Conserved In Nuclear Processes
- 14.133
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Describe The Composition, Mass And Charge Of Α-, Β- And Γ-radiations (Both Β– (Electrons) And Β+ (Positrons) Are Included)
- 14.134
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That An Antiparticle Has The Same Mass But Opposite Charge To The Corresponding Particle, And That A Positron Is The Antiparticle Of An Electron
- 14.135
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: State That (Electron) Antineutrinos Are Produced During Β– Decay And (Electron) Neutrinos Are Produced During Β+ Decay
- 14.136
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Understand That Α-particles Have Discrete Energies But That Β-particles Have A Continuous Range Of Energies Because (Anti)neutrinos Are Emitted In Β-decay
- 14.137
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Represent Α- And Β-decay By A Radioactive Decay Equation Of The Form U Th 92 238 90 234 2 ” + 4α
- 14.138
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation: Use The Unified Atomic Mass Unit (U) As A Unit Of Mass
- 14.139
  Fundamental Particles: Understand That A Quark Is A Fundamental Particle And That There Are Six Flavours (Types) Of Quark: Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Top And Bottom
- 14.140
  Fundamental Particles: Recall And Use The Charge Of Each Flavour Of Quark And Understand That Its Respective Antiquark Has The Opposite Charge (No Knowledge Of Any Other Properties Of Quarks Is Required)
- 14.141
  Fundamental Particles: Recall That Protons And Neutrons Are Not Fundamental Particles And Describe Protons And Neutrons In Terms Of Their Quark Composition
- 14.142
  Fundamental Particles: Understand That A Hadron May Be Either A Baryon (Consisting Of Three Quarks) Or A Meson (Consisting Of One Quark And One Antiquark)
- 14.143
  Fundamental Particles: Describe The Changes To Quark Composition That Take Place During Β– And Β+ Decay
- 14.144
  Fundamental Particles: Recall That Electrons And Neutrinos Are Fundamental Particles Called Leptons
Practice Questions/ Practice Exams
Practice Questions/ Exams Based Both On Actual Exam Pattern And On Topical Content To Boost Preparation And Improve Performance
12
- 15.1
  Physical Quantities And Units
- 15.2
  Kinematics
- 15.3
  Dynamics
- 15.4
  Force, Density And Pressure
- 15.5
  Work, Energy And Power
- 15.6
  Deformation of Solids
- 15.7
  Waves
- 15.8
  Superposition
- 15.9
  Electricity
- 15.10
  D.C. Circuits
- 15.11
  Particle Physics
- 15.12
  Practical Skills
Mock Tests/ Mock Exams
Mock Exams For Final Preparation
0
Class Recordings
Class Recordings From Previous Sessions/ Current Session For Content
0
Other Material
Other Useful Material For Exams
0
Notes + Written Material For Contents of The Syllabus Version 2
Notes for Chapters + Written Resources Regarding The Content Version 2
32
- 19.1
  Physical Quantities
- 19.2
  SI Units
- 19.3
  Errors And Uncertainties
- 19.4
  Scalars And Vectors
- 19.5
  Equations Of Motion
- 19.6
  Momentum And Newton’s Laws Of Motion
- 19.7
  Non-Uniform Motion
- 19.8
  Linear Momentum And Its Conservation
- 19.9
  Turning Effects Of Forces
- 19.10
  Equilibrium Of Forces
- 19.11
  Density And Pressure
- 19.12
  Energy Conservation
- 19.13
  Gravitational Potential Energy And Kinetic Energy
- 19.14
  Stress And Strain
- 19.15
  Elastic And Plastic Behaviour
- 19.16
  Progressive Waves
- 19.17
  Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
- 19.18
  Doppler Effect For Sound Waves
- 19.19
  Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 19.20
  Polarisation
- 19.21
  Stationary Waves
- 19.22
  Diffraction
- 19.23
  Interference
- 19.24
  The Diffraction Grating
- 19.25
  Electric Current
- 19.26
  Potential Difference And Power
- 19.27
  Resistance And Resistivity
- 19.28
  Practical Circuits
- 19.29
  Kirchhoff’s Laws
- 19.30
  Potential Dividers
- 19.31
  Atoms, Nuclei And Radiation
- 19.32
  Fundamental Particles
Cheat Sheets Version 2
Short, Quick Revision Cheat Sheets Version 2
12
- 21.1
  Physical Quantities And Units
- 21.2
  Kinematics
- 21.3
  Dynamics
- 21.4
  Force, Density And Pressure
- 21.5
  Work, Energy And Power
- 21.6
  Deformation of Solids
- 21.7
  Waves
- 21.8
  Superposition
- 21.9
  Electricity
- 21.10
  D.C. Circuits
- 21.11
  Particle Physics
- 21.12
  Practical Skills

Sample Notes: Physical Quantities And Units

AS Level Physics – Topic 1: Physical Quantities and Units

1.1 Physical Quantities

A physical quantity is any quantity that can be measured and consists of:
- A numerical magnitude (e.g. 5.2)
- A unit (e.g. meters)
Examples of physical quantities:
- Distance (m), Time (s), Mass (kg), Speed (m/s), Temperature (K)
Reasonable estimates:
- Mass of an apple ≈ 0.2 kg
- Height of a door ≈ 2 m
- Time for a heart to beat once ≈ 1 s
- Speed of walking ≈ 1.5 m/s

1.2 SI Units

Base Quantities and SI Units

Physical Quantity	SI Unit	Symbol
Length	metre	m
Mass	kilogram	kg
Time	second	s
Temperature	kelvin	K
Electric Current	ampere	A

Derived Units

Derived units are combinations of base units, either as products or quotients.

Derived Quantity	SI Unit	Base Unit Expression
Area	m²	m × m
Volume	m³	m × m × m
Velocity	m/s	m ÷ s
Acceleration	m/s²	m ÷ s²
Force	N	kg·m/s²
Energy	J	kg·m²/s²
Power	W	kg·m²/s³
Pressure	Pa	N/m² = kg/m·s²

Homogeneity of Equations

All physical equations must be dimensionally homogeneous.
Each term must have the same base unit combination.
Example:
Equation: s = ut + ½at²
Units: m = (m/s)(s) + (1/2)(m/s²)(s²)
→ All terms simplify to meters (m)

SI Prefixes

Prefix	Symbol	Multiple	Example
pico	p	10⁻¹²	1 pm = 10⁻¹² m
nano	n	10⁻⁹	1 ns = 10⁻⁹ s
micro	μ	10⁻⁶	1 μA = 10⁻⁶ A
milli	m	10⁻³	1 mm = 10⁻³ m
centi	c	10⁻²	1 cm = 10⁻² m
deci	d	10⁻¹	1 dm = 10⁻¹ m
kilo	k	10³	1 km = 10³ m
mega	M	10⁶	1 MW = 10⁶ W
giga	G	10⁹	1 GW = 10⁹ W
tera	T	10¹²	1 TB = 10¹² B

1.3 Errors and Uncertainties

Types of Errors

Systematic error:
- Repeated error in one direction (e.g. zero error on instruments)
- Affects accuracy
Random error:
- Unpredictable variations
- Affects precision

Accuracy vs Precision

Term	Definition
Accuracy	Closeness to the true value
Precision	Repeatability or consistency of measurements

Uncertainty Calculations

Absolute uncertainty:
- ± smallest division (e.g. ±0.01 cm)
Percentage uncertainty:
- (absolute uncertainty / measured value) × 100%

Combining Uncertainties

For addition/subtraction:
Add absolute uncertainties
For multiplication/division:
Add percentage uncertainties

1.4 Scalars and Vectors

Scalar Quantities

Have only magnitude
Examples: mass, speed, time, distance, temperature

Vector Quantities

Have magnitude and direction
Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

Vector Addition and Subtraction

Same direction: Add magnitudes directly
Opposite direction: Subtract magnitudes
At angles: Use vector diagrams, Pythagoras, or trigonometry

Components of Vectors

Any vector can be broken into:
- Horizontal component: Aₓ = A * cosθ
- Vertical component: Aᵧ = A * sinθ
Use components to add vectors algebraically:
- Resultant vector:
  - Rₓ = Aₓ + Bₓ
  - Rᵧ = Aᵧ + Bᵧ
  - R = √(Rₓ² + Rᵧ²)
  - θ = tan⁻¹(Rᵧ / Rₓ)

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Sample Notes: Physical Quantities And Units

AS Level Physics – Topic 1: Physical Quantities and Units

1.1 Physical Quantities

1.2 SI Units

Base Quantities and SI Units

Derived Units

Homogeneity of Equations

SI Prefixes

1.3 Errors and Uncertainties

Types of Errors

Accuracy vs Precision

Uncertainty Calculations

Combining Uncertainties

1.4 Scalars and Vectors

Scalar Quantities

Vector Quantities

Vector Addition and Subtraction

Components of Vectors

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