Sample Notes: Location of Pakistan: Tropic of Cancer, Latitudes 30°N, 36°N, Longitudes 64°E, 70°E and 76°E

Sample Notes: Secondary and Tertiary Industries: Difference Between Large-Scale, Small-Scale and Cottage Industry

Sample Quizzes For Preparation: Location of Pakistan: Tropic of Cancer, Latitudes 30°N, 36°N, Longitudes 64°E, 70°E and 76°E

Sample Quizzes For Preparation: Secondary and Tertiary Industries: Difference Between Large-Scale, Small-Scale and Cottage Industry

Sample Cheat Sheets: Location of Pakistan: Tropic of Cancer, Latitudes 30°N, 36°N, Longitudes 64°E, 70°E and 76°E

Sample Cheat Sheets: Secondary and Tertiary Industries: Difference Between Large-Scale, Small-Scale and Cottage Industry

Schedule For Live Classes

Zoom Details

Course Breakup

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°e

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian Sea

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of Pakistan

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain Ranges

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And Dasht

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or Drawing

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is Used

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional Rain

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal Variations

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And Climate

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The Mountains

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And Communications

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of Barrages

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water Treaty

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For Development

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main Locations

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their Extent

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus Plain

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And Plateaux

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their Sustainability

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And Flooding

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their Uses

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are Extracted

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As Reserves

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be Exploited

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral Extraction

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of Extraction

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish Farms

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish Farms

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh Coasts

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish Caught

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing Techniques

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And Sustainability

Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining Methods

Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And Drilling

Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of Electricity

Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)

Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial Purposes

Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End Users

Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing This

Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of Oil

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In Pakistan

Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The Sun

Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.

Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)

Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel Schemes

Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power Generation

Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.

Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are Reared

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named Above

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those Products

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And Diseases

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase Production

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family Labour

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert Oasis

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming System

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including Transhumance

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial Canal

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And Tubewell

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And Bunds

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be Restored

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It Happening

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other Means

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its Sustainability

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-added

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And Services

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage Industry

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export Market

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other Means

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of Industry

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of Pakistan

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed Industries

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And Labour

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial Growth

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Name Examples Of Export Processing Zones And Other Industrial Estates, Explain The Reasons For Their Development And Describe Their Characteristics

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call Centres

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To Tourists

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And Imports

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent Years

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between Them

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From Them

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other Countries

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within Pakistan

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New Developments

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And People

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The Year

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And Trade

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of Pakistan

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population Growth

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over Time

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural Areas

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.

Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To Occupations

Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking Place

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And Unemployment

Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual Labour

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And Gdp

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.

The Land of Pakistan

The Natural Topography, Including Drainage

Climate

Water

Forests

Mineral Resources

Fish

Power Sources

Agriculture

Industrial Development

Trade

Transport and Telecommunication

Population And Employment

The Land of Pakistan

The Natural Topography, Including Drainage

Climate

Water

Forests

Mineral Resources

Fish

Power Sources

Agriculture

Industrial Development

Trade

Transport And Telecommunication

Population and Employment

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°e

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian Sea

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of Pakistan

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain Ranges

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And Dasht

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or Drawing

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is Used

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional Rain

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal Variations

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And Climate

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The Mountains

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And Communications

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of Barrages

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water Treaty

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For Development

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main Locations

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their Extent

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus Plain

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And Plateaux

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their Sustainability

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And Flooding

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their Uses

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are Extracted

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As Reserves

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be Exploited

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral Extraction

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of Extraction

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish Farms

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish Farms

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh Coasts

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish Caught

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing Techniques

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And Sustainability

Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining Methods

Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And Drilling

Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of Electricity

Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)

Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial Purposes

Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End Users

Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing This

Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of Oil

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In Pakistan

Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The Sun

Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.

Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)

Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel Schemes

Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power Generation

Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.

Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are Reared

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named Above

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those Products

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And Diseases

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase Production

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family Labour

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert Oasis

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming System

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including Transhumance

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial Canal

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And Tubewell

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And Bunds

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be Restored

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It Happening

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other Means

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its Sustainability

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-added

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And Services

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage Industry

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export Market

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other Means

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of Industry

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of Pakistan

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed Industries

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And Labour

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial Growth

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Name Examples Of Export Processing Zones And Other Industrial Estates, Explain The Reasons For Their Development And Describe Their Characteristics

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call Centres

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To Tourists

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And Imports

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent Years

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between Them

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From Them

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other Countries

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within Pakistan

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New Developments

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And People

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The Year

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And Trade

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of Pakistan

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population Growth

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over Time

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural Areas

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.

Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To Occupations

Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking Place

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And Unemployment

Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual Labour

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And Gdp

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.

The Land of Pakistan

The Natural Topography, Including Drainage

Climate

Water

Forests

Mineral Resources

Fish

Power Sources

Agriculture

Industrial Development

Trade

Population And Employment

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Paper 2 Structure, Timing And Mark Allocation (3 Questions × 25 Marks)

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Understanding The Role Of Parts (a), (b), (c) And (d) In Each Question

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: How Resource-Based Questions Are Designed In Paper 2

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Assessment Objectives AO1, AO3 And AO4 Explained For Paper 2

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Why Part (d) Is Always The Highest-Skill Question

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: How Choices Of Questions Can Make Or Break Final Grades

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Understanding Optionality: How To Select The Best 3 Questions

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: How Insert Materials Are Integrated Into Questions

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Mark Distribution Trends From Recent Examiner Reports

Understanding Paper Pattern & Assessment Design: Why Paper 2 Rewards Application Over Memorisation

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: How To Describe Maps Accurately Using Direction, Location And Scale

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: Common Errors In Map Interpretation And How To Avoid Them

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: Techniques For Reading Bar Graphs Without Over-Explaining

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: How To Extract Data From Pie Charts And Tables Precisely

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: Using “Using Fig Only” Correctly To Avoid Zero Marks

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: How To Describe Photographs Without Adding Assumptions

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: Difference Between Describe, Identify, State And Explain

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: Handling Multi-Step Data Completion Questions Accurately

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: How To Calculate Differences And Units Correctly

Resource Interpretation & Data Handling Skills: Examiner Expectations For Neat, Clear And Accurate Data Answers

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Writing Perfect 1–2 Mark Answers Without Wasting Time

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Structure For 3–4 Mark Explain Questions (Developed Points)

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Using Cause–Effect Chains In Explain Questions

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: How To Avoid Repetition And Vague Statements

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Using Pakistan-Specific Examples Effectively

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Common Over-Generalisation Errors Identified By Examiners

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Balancing Detail And Brevity In Mid-Mark Questions

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: When Diagrams Are Helpful And When They Waste Time

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Linking Human And Physical Factors Correctly

Writing Techniques For Short And Structured Answers: Using Correct Terminology For Agriculture, Industry And Power

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Understanding “To What Extent Do You Agree” Questions

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): How To Compare Two Views Fairly Before Judgement

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Writing Balanced Arguments Without Sitting On The Fence

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Structure Of A High-Band Part (d) Answer (Intro – Both Views – Judgement)

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Using Real Examples From Pakistan To Secure Full Marks

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Common Mistakes: One-Sided Answers And Unsupported Opinions

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): How Much Evaluation Is Enough For 6 Marks

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Linking Sustainability, Development And Resources Effectively

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): Avoiding Emotional Or Political Language In Evaluation

Mastering Part (d) Evaluation Questions (6 Marks): How Examiners Award Level-Based Marks In Part (d)

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Ideal Time Allocation Per Question And Per Part

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Deciding Question Order For Maximum Efficiency

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: When To Skip A Question And Return Later

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Managing Stress In Data-Heavy Questions

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Presentation, Labelling And Use Of Space In Answer Booklet

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: How Poor Handwriting And Layout Lose Marks

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Checking Answers Without Running Out Of Time

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Common Examiner-Reported Student Habits That Reduce Grades

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Last-Minute Revision Focus Areas For Paper 2

Time Management & Exam Execution Strategy: Final Exam-Day Checklist Based On Examiner Reports

May June 2016 Paper 2

May June 2015 Paper 2

October November 2015 Paper 2

October November 2016 Paper 2

May June 2017 Paper 2

October November 2017 Paper 2

May June 2018 Paper 2

October November 2018 Paper 2

May June 2019 Paper 2

October November 2019 Paper 2

May June 2020 Paper 2

October November 2020 Paper 2

May June 2021 Paper 2

October November 2021 Paper 2

May June 2022 Paper 2

October November 2022 Paper 2

May June 2023 Paper 2

October November 2023 Paper 2

May June 2024 Paper 2

October November 2024 Paper 2

May June 2025 Paper 2

October November 2025 Paper 2

Location of Pakistan

Natural Topography

Climate

Water Sources

Forests

Mineral Resources

Fish

Industry

Agriculture

Trade

Transport and Telecommunication

Population

Power Sources

Location + Topography + Climate

Water Sources

Trade

Forests

Industry

Remaining chapter

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°e

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian Sea

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain Ranges

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And Dasht

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or Drawing

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is Used

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional Rain

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal Variations

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And Climate

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The Mountains

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And Communications

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of Barrages

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water Treaty

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For Development

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main Locations

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their Extent

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus Plain

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And Plateaux

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their Sustainability

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And Flooding

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their Uses

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are Extracted

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As Reserves

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be Exploited

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral Extraction

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of Extraction

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish Farms

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish Farms

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh Coasts

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish Caught

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing Techniques

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And Sustainability

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining Methods

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And Drilling

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of Electricity

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial Purposes

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End Users

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing This

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of Oil

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The Sun

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel Schemes

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power Generation

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are Reared

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named Above

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those Products

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And Diseases

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase Production

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family Labour

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert Oasis

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming System

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including Transhumance

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial Canal

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And Tubewell

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And Bunds

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be Restored

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It Happening

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other Means

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its Sustainability

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-added

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And Services

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage Industry

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export Market

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other Means

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of Industry

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed Industries

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And Labour

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial Growth

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call Centres

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To Tourists

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And Imports

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent Years

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between Them

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From Them

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other Countries

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And Airports

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New Developments

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And People

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The Year

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International Airports

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And Airports

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And Trade

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of Pakistan

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population Growth

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over Time

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural Areas

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population

Maps, Figures, Diagrams:Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To Occupations

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking Place

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And Unemployment

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual Labour

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And Gdp

Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°e

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian Sea

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of Pakistan

The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain Ranges

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And Dasht

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or Drawing

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is Used

The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional Rain

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal Variations

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And Climate

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The Mountains

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And Communications

The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of Barrages

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water Treaty

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For Development

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main Locations

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their Extent

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus Plain

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And Plateaux

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their Sustainability

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And Flooding

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their Uses

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are Extracted

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As Reserves

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be Exploited

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral Extraction

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of Extraction

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish Farms

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish Farms

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh Coasts

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish Caught

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing Techniques

Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And Sustainability

Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining Methods

Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And Drilling

Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of Electricity

Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)

Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial Purposes

Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End Users

Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing This

Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of Oil

Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In Pakistan

Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The Sun

Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.

Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)

Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel Schemes

Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power Generation

Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.

Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are Reared

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named Above

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those Products

Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And Diseases

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase Production

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family Labour

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert Oasis

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming System

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including Transhumance

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial Canal

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And Tubewell

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And Bunds

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be Restored

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It Happening

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other Means

Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its Sustainability

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-added

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And Services

Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage Industry

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export Market

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other Means

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of Industry

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of Pakistan

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed Industries

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And Labour’

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial Growth

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Name Examples Of Export Processing Zones And Other Industrial Estates, Explain The Reasons For Their Development And Describe Their Characteristics

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call Centres

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To Tourists

Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And Imports

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent Years

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between Them

Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From Them

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other Countries

Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within Pakistan

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New Developments

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And People

Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The Year

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And Airports

Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And Trade

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of Pakistan

Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of Pakistan

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population Growth

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over Time

Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural Areas

Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)

Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.

Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To Occupations

Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking Place

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And Unemployment

Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual Labour

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And Gdp

Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.