Fish
Types of Fishing
- Marine Fishing
- Fishing that is done in seas and oceans
- Main areas are Sindh Coast and Makran Coast
- Sind Coast is 30 percent of the total area
- Makran coast is 70 percent
- Main area
- Sindh Coast
- Karachi
- Makran Coast
- Gwadar Ormara and Pasni
- Jiwani and Sonmiani
- Gwadar is most important with icing facilities
- Sindh Coast
- Main areas are Sindh Coast and Makran Coast
- Main Fish
- Sharks
- Croakers
- Drums
- Catfish
- Rays
- Skates
- Fishing that is done in seas and oceans
- Inland Fishing
- Fishing that is done in rivers, lakes and streams
- Lakes of Sindh are called Dhands
- Reservoirs of Dams
- Fish
- Fishing that is done in rivers, lakes and streams
Farming
- Man-Made ponds
- Rectangular in shape
- Cemented or Concrete wall to avoid water loss
- Base is of solidified mud
- Trees are planted around it
- Oxygen
- Reduce heat to reduce evaporation
- Provide shade water body to keep it cool
- It helps increase the growth rate and the fertilization (reproduction) of fish
- Distribution of Fish Farms
- Mostly in Punjab and Sindh
- Near the Indus and its tributaries
- Reason – Supply of water is ample
- Artificial apply from tubeless is less required
- Cost save
- Rivers bring Nutrients so better growth of fish
- Close to the River
- In areas with good irrigation water supply
- Land is flat (plain) and softer compared to balochistan
- Making ponds is easier
- Some in Peshawar
- Small rivers and underground water sources
- Not a single one in balochistan
- No regular supply of water
- Land is barren and rugged
- Difficult to make ponds
- No nutrients and lack of trees to provide nutrients to the tanks
- Benefits of developing fish farming
- Fisherman earns more
- Employment increases
- Less burden on government to provide employment
- Increased fish production
- Crops and livestock farming is less burdened to meet food supply requirements
- Foreign exchange earnings increase
- Effects of Fish Farming
- Ecological Affects
- Ecosystems are affected
- Subsoil water is pumped
- Water table lowers
- The extra water evaporates
- Leaves salt on the surface
- Salinity increases
- General vegetation can not be done effectively
- Subsoil water is pumped
- Ecosystems are affected
- Ecological Affects
- Coastal wetlands
- Areas where marine life reproduces
- These areas are also great for fish farming
- Marine fish farming
- Water supply is ideal
- There are nutrients as well
- However, fish natural breeding is reduced
- Marine ecosystem disturbed
- Mostly in Punjab and Sindh
- Chemical Pollution
- Different chemicals used for growth and health of fish in fish farms
- Also for killing pests
- Other organisms can be adversely affected by these chemicals
- Positive impacts of aquaculture (fish farming)
- Human and animal waste as natural fertilizer for fish
- Domestic human waste can pass diseases from human to fish, and later to tose who consume them
- Poultry method discussed above
- Distribution of Fish Farms
- Main inland fish are
- Manaseer
- Dambra – Rahu
- Trout
- Pala
- Thalla
- Grass- Silver – Chinese Cap Species
- Main inland fishing areas are
- Manchar Lake in Dadu
- Kairi (Keenjhar) Lake north of Thatta
- Haleji Lake – West of Thatta
- River Indus
- Sukkur
- Kotri
- Thatta
- Reservoirs of the two main dams
- Tarbela and Mangla
- Two other divisions are
- Small Scale Subsistence Fishing
- Fishing that is done for personal consumption and family consumption
- Not done PRIMARILY for sale
- If extra, then sold
- Mostly using conventional methods
- Small nets
- Small boats
- No refrigeration facility
- Can only go about 5 kms into the sea
- It is not a permanent source of income
- 1 week rough spell in the sea can affect earnings.
- Fishing that is done for personal consumption and family consumption
- Large Scale Commercial Fishing
- Here, the main reason for fishing is to sell the fish catch instead of personal use
- Two main areas
- Karachi
- Gwadar
- Sindh coast is more important in this respect compared to Makran coast
- More output
- Small Scale Subsistence Fishing
Why is commercial fishing more developed in the Sindh Coast
- Many creeks
- Areas where sea water is shallow and fishing is easier
- Sheltered Harbours
- Fishing becomes easier
- Weather issues are less
- Wide Shallow Sea
- Deep sea fishing is difficult and more time taking
- Shallow sea fishing is easier
- Wider Continental Shelf
- This is part of the land mass of the continent
- However, it is below a shallow water body
- Like the sea
- The Sindh coast has a wider continental shelf than Makran Coast
- Fishing becomes easier
- Indus Delta
- Receives nutrient rich sediments and alluvium from the Indus river system
- Nutrients promote plankton growth and sea life
- Export and processing facilities are better in the Indus Delta
- This is part of the land mass of the continent
Why Commercial Fishing is able to produce more output than subsistence Fishing
- Modern technology
- Radars
- They allow the ships to track fish movements
- Sonars
- The technology sends down sound waves that bounce back when they strike with a shoal of fish
- As a result, large shoals of fish can be tracked
- Gill-Netters
- These nets have smaller holes and spaces compared to the traditional nets so less fish are able to escape
- As a result, the total catch increases
- Mechanized Boats
- Can go more than 50 kilometers off the shore to fish
- Have storage facilities
- Ca refrigerate fish
- Can stay in water for over a week
- Radars
How has the government tried to improve the fishing sector
- New fishing method introduced
- More efficient
- Value-Added products
- Products that can be sold for a higher profit
- Canned fish
- Frozen fsh
- Fish processing facilities
- Better meteorological information
- Weather and other climatic conditions
- So better management of fishing activities
- Marine Fisheries Department (MFD)
- It allows for Deep Sea fishing vessels monitoring
- MFD Labs improved for research
- WTO requirements met (will study more in trade chapter)
- Products that can be sold for a higher profit
Fishing in Gwadar
- Worst time to fish May to September
- South-West Monsoon
- Breeding of Fish
- Sea is really unstable
· Fish Marketing (common for most areas)
- Open sea buying
- Businessmen buy fish while they are still on boats
- They get good rates this way
- Port charges are avoided
- They can sell for higher price on the port
- Fish harbour and port auction
- Gwadar and Pasni
- Then sent to Karachi
- Sometimes direct export to foreign countries
- Local selling
- To those locals who are not fishing themselves
- Internal market
- Karachi street hawkers
- Frozen and processed fish in big stores
- Only a few locals prefer such fish and in urban areas
- Most people prefer fresh fish instead
- International Market
- Demand for processed fish is high in Europe where per capita consumption is high as well
- USA UK France
- Middle East
- Dried fish
- Fish species
- Sardines drums, catfish, croaker, shrimp, cuttlefish, octopus and squid
- Karachi street hawkers
- Gwadar and Pasni
- Businessmen buy fish while they are still on boats
Benefits of Consuming Fish
- Food
- Low cholesterol white meat
- Nutrition rich
- Fish Oil
- Important source of vitamin A and D
- Good for heart
- Fish Waste
- Natural Fertilizer
- Used by poultry as poultry feed
How to combine fish farming and poultry farming
- Fish waste is used to make poultry feed
- So food available for poultry
- Poultry drippings (waste)
- When enter pond water
- Provide nutrients
- These nutrients encourage the growth of plankton
- Natural food for fish
Problems for the fishing Industry
- Water Pollution
- Marine fishing is highly affected
- Domestic and industrial waste is dumped without proper treatment in the Arabian Sea
- Karachi fishing areas are badly affected
- Spillage of Oil kills many fish
- Chemicals in the water causes toxication
- Lead levels and other metal in Fish are high
- Eating such fish can lead to slow poisoning of humans
- Lead is poisonous to humans
- Lead also leads to brain damage in humans
- Rivers of Pakistan are badly polluted
- Domestic and Industrial waste
- The use of excessive pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers in agriculture
- Waste disposal system is not proper and correct
- Marine fishing is highly affected
- Overfishing and by-catch
- Use of large nets with small holes
- Results in excessive fishing
- Results in by-catch
- By catch means the fish catch that the fisherman did not desire to catch
- Those species of fish that have little commercial value and were not the main target of the catch
- As a result, they are just wasted
- The baby fish is caught in net with small spaces
- As a result, it becomes difficult for baby fish to grow and reproduce
- Shrimps are fished throughout the year
- The fishing in breeding season reduces reproduction levels
- Breeding is crucial to increase total count
- Foreign trawlers allowed to fish in Arabian sea
- Fish excessively
- Shrimp production reduces as a result
- Increase of modern boats and methods increases the fish caught
- By catch means the fish catch that the fisherman did not desire to catch
- Use of large nets with small holes
- Mangroves and Breeding Grounds are Reducing
- Mangrove act as barriers and protectors of coastline
- Such protected areas with nutrients are the best breeding grounds for fish
- Mangrove leaves also provide nutrient for fish
- However
- Mangrove do not grow well in polluted water
- Deforestation issue as well
- Mangrove act as barriers and protectors of coastline
Sustainable Fisheries
- Current use, future use and environmental protection
- Issues
- Overfishing
- Local and foreign trawlers
- By-catch
- Baby fish catch
- Illegal nets with very small spaces used
- Mangrove deforestation and destruction
- Water pollution due to domestic and industrial untreated waste dumping
- Extinction of fish species
- Overfishing
- Issues
Steps to correct the non-sustainable fishing issue
- Strict ban on fishing in breeding season
- Foreign Deep-sea trawlers not allowed in Arabian Sea area of Pakistan
- Illegal nets banned
- Mangrove protection
- Water pollution reduction
- By waste treatment
- Reducing oil spillage by better oil tankers and pipeline monitoring systems
Lesson Tags
Fish | Fish Farms | Marine Fishing | Inland Fishing | Detailed Notes For Preparation & Revision | O Level Pakistan Studies 2059/02 and IGCSE Pakistan Studies 0448/02 | The Environment of Pakistan
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