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The Importance and Compilation of Hadith | O Level Islamiyat 2058 & IGCSE Islamiyat 0493 | Detailed Free Notes To Score An A Star (A*)

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Hadis and Sunnah

  • These include

    • Verbal teachings of Holy Prophet PBUH
      • Important things repeated three times
      • Even listened to make sure were heard correctly
    • Practical demonstration
      • Like how to pray
      • This is called Sunnah
      • Thus, Sunnah is a su-part of Hadith
    • Letters of the Holy Prophet PBUH
    • Silence when something happened
      • Silent approval

  • Hadis Qudsi and Hadis Nabawi

    • Hadis Nabawi
      • Words of the Prophet PBUH
    • Hadis Qudsi
      • Hadis that was narrated by the Prophet PBUH but are the words of Allah
      • Such hadith usually start with “Allah says”
        • For example
          • Allah says, fasting is for me and I shall certainly compensate it.

Relationship of Quran and Hadith

  • Hadith does two things
    • Explain the teachings of Quran
      • For example, how to pray or explain a verse
        • Secondary to the Quran in this case
    • Lay down complete new injunctions where the Quran is silent
      • In such cases, Hadith becomes the primary source
  • Why Hadith is accepted as such?
    • Allah tells us to follow Allah and His messenger
    • Allah tells us in Quran that the Prophet PBUH has been sent to explain the Quran
    • Quran is brief on many aspects and specifics are not told directly
      • Hadith explains them
      • Hadith completes those injunctions
      • For example, number of Raka’ats and percentage of Zakat
    • Explanation is sometimes needed on Quranic injunctions
    • Hadith complements the Quran
      • Both tell us to be good to neighbor
    • Judgement based cases are found in Hadith
    • Where-ever Quran says to obey Allah, it tells to Obey prophet PBUH as well

What are the different types of Hadith?

  • Authentic/ Sahih Hadith

    • Not contrary to other Sahih Hadith
      • Not against Quran
      • Not against the consensus on Muslim Umma on the principles of Islam
      • Not against common sense
      • No accusation against the family of the Prophet PBUH
      • Not reported by any liar or person with weak memory
      • Not lay down very harsh punishment for minor offences or simple punishments for major offenses
      • Not promise High rewards for smallest deeds
      • If someone confirms that they have lied or fabricated, the Hadith is not considered Sahih

    • The Sanad must be unbroken

      • Sanad means that the chain of narrators should go back directly ot the Prophet PBUH or one of this companions.
      • Every narrator must be pious
      • People must have met each other from whom they are narrating
        • Better to have met the person their narrator have heard it from.
      • Age must be such that they understand the importance of the words
      • Qualification also matters

  • Approved or Hasan Hadis

    • Similar to Sahih
      • The difference is that one or more of its narrators have defective memory compared to Sahih Hadis

  • Weak/ Za’eef Hadith

    • Any one of the narrators has either a bad memory
      • OR is known to be a liar
      • For example, not have met the person from whom he is reporting a hadith from
      • Weakness in text
        • Goes against Hadith for example.

  • Fabricated Hadith

    • Something that the Prophet PBUH never said

Hadith Structure

  • Isnad

    • Means chain of transmitters
    • Has the name of the Muhaddission or transmitters of hadith
    • Plural of the word sand
    • Each hadith must reach back to the Holy Prophet PBUH
    • It is important to know about the life and character of each transmitter

  • Matan

    • Means the text of the hadith itself
    • Words of the Holy prophet PBUH
      • Act or statement as well

  • Both Isnad and matan have equal importance

    • Different isnad but same text is still considered different hadith

How were hadith compiled

  • The Holy Prophet PBUH himself told Sahaba to preach hadith
    • Those present should preach to those absent
    • At the time of farewell pilgrimage also told people to carry the message
    • Ashab-u-Suffah who were in Prophet’s PBUH’s company most of the time were also engaged in preaching hadith
      • Abu Huraira was a main person from amongst these people.
  • The Quran tells us to follow the Prophet PBUH

  • Abdulla Bin Amr

    • Used to write down everything that the Holy Prophet PBUH said
      • He had over 10,000 ahadith saved
    • Using right hand
      • To write it down
    • Abu Huraira also mentioned that Abdullah Ibn Amr had more traditions than him
  • Hazrat Ali used to write political hadith and orders
  • Hazrat Aisha narrated many hadith in her memory
    • Many other wives also narrated a lot of hadith
  • Abdullah bin Umar and Abdullah bin Abbas were also main hadith transmitters
    • Abdullah bin Umar’s collection called Sadiqa
  • Hazrat Umar lived 3 miles outside Madinah
    • Had arrangements with a person for Madinah
    • So each can live near to Prophet PBUH upon alternate days

Hadith Compilation After The Death of Prophet PBUH

  • New converts wanted to know about the hadith of the Prophet PBUH
  • Companions started to p[ass away
    • So it was thought that hadith literature may be lost
  • The Tabiyin and Tabatabiyin became important hadith transmitters after the Sahaba
  • It became a privilege to memorize and narrate hadith
  • It was by the end of the first century of Islam that it was formally asked to collect hadith literature by the government of Hazrat Umar bin Abdl Aziz
  • First collection that was very authoritative was of Imam Malik bin Anas
    • 84 AH
    • Called Al-Muwatta

  • Imam Ahmed Bin Hambal

    • 164 AH
    • Formed the hanbali school of law

  • Imam Muhammad Ibn Ismail Al-Bukhari

    • First to compile Sahih Hadith only
    • Strict rules
    • So his boom called Sahih or Authentic
    • 16 years for compilation
    • Most authentic book after the Quran
    • He travelled to Makkah from his home towna nd then started collecting hadit from all over the Islamic empire
      • Used to seek guidance in prayer before accepting any Hadith
    • Collected 7397 out of 600,000 ahadith
    • Separate headings for the books
      • 97 total books
    • The first book
      • The Start of Revelation to the Messenger of Allah
    • Last book
      • Tauhid
    • Each book is focused on one certain aspect

  • Imam Muslim

    • He collected 12,000 out of 330,000 hadith
    • It is also considered sahi

  • Sunan Abu Daud

    • 500,000 total hadith examined
    • 4800 hadith selected.
    • No one ever collected many hadith that he collected

  • Jami Tirmizi

    • He was student of Abu Daud
    • He also met with Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim
    • It also provides critical analysis of the Hadith
    • Hasan Hadis category in the Jami

  • Sunan of Nasai

    • Only reliable Hadith

  • Sunan of Ibn Majah

    • 4000 Hadith

  • All 6 books mentioned above

    • Collectively called Siha e Sitta
      • Six authentic and reliable collection of Hadith
    • Extremely important in Sunni Islam
    • Masabih Al-Sunnah – The Lamps of the Sunnah
      • Combined hadith from Bukhari and Muslim
    • 2 hundred years later
      • Revised into Mishkat al-Masabih
        • The Niche of the Lamps
  • All circulating hadith came into writing by 5th century AH

Difference between Musnad and Musannaf

  • Musnad

    • Focuses on Isnad or Sanad
      • Collects the hadith in separate chapters/books for every FIRST transmitter from the Holy Prophet PBUH
      • The subject and category is irrelevant here
      • Only the first narrator matters
      • Thus, there are books of Sahabah
        • Like Musnad of Hazrat Aisha etc
    • The most important Musnad work
      • Musnad of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal
    • However, Musnad makes it difficult to find hadith on same topic

  • Musannaf

    • Means Divided Up
    • Here, the hadith are divided into categories based on their subject and content matter
    • For example Musannaf has chapters like Zakat, prayer etc.
    • The first most important work was Muwatta by Imam Malik
    • Another one is Al-Musannaf by Imam Abdul Rahman al-Sanani
      • 11,033 hadith in total
    • All Siha e Sitta are also Musannaf

Shia Compilation

  • Only consider Hadith narrated by Ahl-e-Bait and Hazrat Ali to be Correct
    • And the twelve imam
  • Their books are
  • Al-Kafi Fi Ilm Al Din
    • The Sufficient in the Science of Religion
      • Muhammad bin Yaqub Al Kulini
  • Man La Yahduruhu al faqih
    • He has no Legal Expert Present
  • Tahzib Al Ahkal
    • The Revision of Judgements
  • Al-Istibsar
    • The Perspective
  • Both by Mohamamd Al Tusi

Significance of Hadith can be found in Paper 1

Hunain Zia

Hunain Zia has previously achieved considerable success in the high-school educational stream, gaining a massive 154 Total A Grades and 7 Major Distinctions, a process in which he broke/ set 11 different world records, including the most A grades ever achieved, most subjects ever appeared in, most distinctions, gaining distinctions across two separate boards (Pearson Edexcel and CAIE) within the same year/ ever, and even 19 hours of constant examination. All records stand intact today. Hunain pursued his Honors Accounting Degree from the prestigious Bentley University, and then completed an LLB (in Honors) from University of London. Currently, he manages multiple social and commercial projects, has founded digital streams and works tirelessly in the education sector.

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