Colons and Dashes: Explanation After Completion
SAT Reading & WritingStandard English ConventionsMedium
Use colons and dashes only after a complete clause when the second part explains or specifies it.
What you need to know
- A colon introduces an explanation, list, definition, or example.
- The words before a colon must form an independent clause.
- A single dash can act like a colon; a pair of dashes can enclose nonessential information.
- Do not place a colon directly after a verb or preposition that already introduces a list.
The AYLOTI method
- Check whether the left side is complete.
- Ask whether the right side explains or specifies the left.
- Choose colon or dash if both conditions hold.
- Check whether paired punctuation is required for an interruption.
AYLOTI • Sir Hunain Zia • SAT Score 1594/1600 • 154 Total A Grades (Personal), 11 World Records, 7 Distinctions
Worked example
The expedition faced one persistent obstacle ___ severe winds. Which mark fits?
- The left side is complete.
- “Severe winds” names the obstacle.
- A colon properly introduces that specification.
Answer: “The expedition faced one persistent obstacle: severe winds.”
Common SAT traps
- Colon after “included” before a list.
- Using one dash when the interrupting phrase needs a closing dash.
- Using a colon when the left side is dependent.
Quick check
Is “The tools included: a drill and a saw” standard?
No. “Included” already introduces its objects; remove the colon.
Before you move on
- Explain the core rule without looking back.
- Redo the worked example using your own steps.
- Write the trap you are most likely to fall for.
