PART 1 — Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors & Detailed Pathogenesis 1. Definition of Atherosclerotic Aneurysm An atherosclerotic aneurysm is a true aneurysm resulting from: Progressive weakening of the arterial wall Secondary to atherosclerosis-induced destruction of the media It is characterized …
PART 1 (DEFINITION → TERMINOLOGY → CLASSIFICATION → EPIDEMIOLOGY → APPLIED ANATOMY → ETIOLOGY → PATHOGENESIS → MORPHOLOGY & HISTOPATHOLOGY) 1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Papilloma of the nose is a benign epithelial tumour arising from the Schneiderian membrane (ectoderm-derived respiratory mucosa) …
PART 1 — Fundamental Etiologic Principles & Major Acquired Causes 1. Conceptual Framework of Aneurysm Etiology (Must Understand First) Aneurysm etiology revolves around one unifying pathological principle: Any factor that weakens the structural integrity of the vessel wall predisposes to …
PART 1 (DEFINITION → EPIDEMIOLOGY → ETIOLOGY → APPLIED ANATOMY → PATHOGENESIS → MORPHOLOGY & HISTOPATHOLOGY) 1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nose is a malignant epithelial tumour arising from squamous cells of the epidermis or mucosal …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nose is a malignant epithelial tumour arising from basal cells of the epidermis or hair follicle units, characterized by slow growth, local tissue destruction, and extremely rare metastasis. It is the …
1. Definition of Aneurysm (Exam-Ready, Pathology-Centric) An aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel or heart wall The dilatation is due to: Weakening of the vessel wall The dilated segment is: Permanent Progressive Prone to rupture or …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION CSF rhinorrhea is the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space into the nasal cavity due to a defect in the skull base, dura mater, and arachnoid membrane, resulting in clear watery nasal discharge. It represents …
1. Definition of Vasculitis (Exam-Ready, Pathology-Centric) Vasculitis refers to inflammation and destruction of blood vessel walls It may involve: Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins The defining feature is: Primary injury to the vessel wall, not secondary compression or thrombosis Pathology …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Fungal infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses, also called fungal rhinosinusitis, is a spectrum of diseases caused by colonization or invasion of fungal organisms involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It ranges from non-invasive, benign …
1. Introduction: Why Vascular Changes Are the Core of Hypertension Pathology Hypertension is fundamentally a disease of blood vessels. Elevated blood pressure does not damage organs directly It damages: Vascular endothelium Vascular smooth muscle Extracellular matrix All target-organ damage in …