PART 1 — Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors & Detailed Pathogenesis 1. Definition of Atherosclerotic Aneurysm An atherosclerotic aneurysm is a true aneurysm resulting from: Progressive weakening of the arterial wall Secondary to atherosclerosis-induced destruction of the media It is characterized …
PART 1 — Fundamental Etiologic Principles & Major Acquired Causes 1. Conceptual Framework of Aneurysm Etiology (Must Understand First) Aneurysm etiology revolves around one unifying pathological principle: Any factor that weakens the structural integrity of the vessel wall predisposes to …
1. Definition of Aneurysm (Exam-Ready, Pathology-Centric) An aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel or heart wall The dilatation is due to: Weakening of the vessel wall The dilated segment is: Permanent Progressive Prone to rupture or …
1. Definition of Vasculitis (Exam-Ready, Pathology-Centric) Vasculitis refers to inflammation and destruction of blood vessel walls It may involve: Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins The defining feature is: Primary injury to the vessel wall, not secondary compression or thrombosis Pathology …
1. Introduction: Why Vascular Changes Are the Core of Hypertension Pathology Hypertension is fundamentally a disease of blood vessels. Elevated blood pressure does not damage organs directly It damages: Vascular endothelium Vascular smooth muscle Extracellular matrix All target-organ damage in …
1. Definition of Secondary Hypertension (Exam-Ready) Secondary hypertension refers to elevated blood pressure caused by a specific, identifiable underlying disorder Unlike primary (essential) hypertension: It has a definable cause It is often potentially reversible Accounts for: 5–10% of all hypertensive …
1. Definition of Hypertension (Exam-Ready, Clinically Precise) Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by: Persistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure Sufficient to cause structural and functional damage to blood vessels and target organs It is not defined by …
. Definition (Exam-Ready, Precise) Arteriolosclerosis is a chronic vascular disorder characterized by: Thickening of the walls of small arteries and arterioles Progressive narrowing of the lumen Impaired tissue perfusion It primarily affects: Arterioles Small muscular arteries It is distinct from …
1. Definition (Expanded, Exam-Ready) Monckeberg’s Medial Calcific Sclerosis is a chronic, degenerative vascular disorder characterized by: Calcification of the tunica media In medium-sized muscular arteries Without significant luminal narrowing It is a non-inflammatory, non-atheromatous condition Distinguished from atherosclerosis by: Absence …
1. Definition and Scope of Vessel Involvement Atherosclerosis is a disease of: Large elastic arteries Medium-sized muscular arteries It is not a generalized disease of all vessels The disease is: Segmental Patchy Asymmetrical Lesions develop selectively based on: Vessel type …