1. DEFINITION OF EXTERNAL NASAL DEFORMITIES External nasal deformities refer to visible alterations in the normal shape, contour, alignment, or symmetry of the nose when viewed from any angle (frontal, lateral, basal, oblique). These deformities may be congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, …
1. Definition Fracture of the external nose refers to any break in the bony or cartilaginous framework of the nasal skeleton.It is the most common facial fracture, accounting for over 50% of all facial trauma cases.Because the nose is prominent, …
CUT NOSE — PART 1 (FOUNDATION + ANATOMY + CLASSIFICATION + INITIAL ASSESSMENT) 1. Definition “Cut nose” in ENT refers to any traumatic laceration, avulsion, partial amputation, or complete amputation of the external nose, involving skin, soft tissue, cartilage, bone, …
1. Anatomy Relevant to Nasal Trauma (ENT Ultra-High Yield) Trauma to the external nose is one of the most common ENT emergencies. To manage it correctly, ENT surgeons must know the anatomy with surgical precision, because small anatomical differences determine …
1. Definition (ENT Mandatory Statement) Encephalocoele is a congenital skull-base or cranial defect through which brain tissue + meninges + CSF herniate outside the cranial cavity. If ONLY meninges herniate → meningocoele. If meninges + CSF herniate without brain tissue …
1. Definition (Ultra-Clear ENT Format) Meningiocoele is a neural tube closure defect in which meninges herniate through a bony defect in the skull base. The herniating sac contains CSF + meninges only (NO brain parenchyma). When brain tissue is also …
1. Definition Choanal atresia is a congenital failure of the posterior nasal aperture (choana) to open, resulting in complete or partial obstruction between: Nasal cavity anteriorly Nasopharynx posteriorly It may involve: Bone Membrane A combination of both Because newborns are …
1. Overview – Congenital Lesions of the External Nose Congenital anomalies of the external nose arise from disruption of embryological development between the 4th and 10th weeks of intrauterine life. These defects may involve: Skin Cartilage Bone Nasal cavity Nasal …