1. Introduction: Why Vascular Changes Are the Core of Hypertension Pathology Hypertension is fundamentally a disease of blood vessels. Elevated blood pressure does not damage organs directly It damages: Vascular endothelium Vascular smooth muscle Extracellular matrix All target-organ damage in …
1. Definition of Secondary Hypertension (Exam-Ready) Secondary hypertension refers to elevated blood pressure caused by a specific, identifiable underlying disorder Unlike primary (essential) hypertension: It has a definable cause It is often potentially reversible Accounts for: 5–10% of all hypertensive …
1. Definition of Hypertension (Exam-Ready, Clinically Precise) Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by: Persistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure Sufficient to cause structural and functional damage to blood vessels and target organs It is not defined by …