PART 1 (DEFINITION → CLASSIFICATION → ANATOMICAL BASIS → PATHOPHYSIOLOGY → MAJOR ENT CAUSES — NOSE & SINUSES) 1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Headache is defined as pain or discomfort localized to the head, face, or upper neck, resulting from stimulation of …
PART 1 (DEFINITION → CLASSIFICATION → EPIDEMIOLOGY → APPLIED ANATOMY → ETIOLOGY → PATHOGENESIS → MORPHOLOGY → HISTOPATHOLOGY) 1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Osteoma is a benign, slow-growing, osteogenic tumour composed of mature bone, most commonly arising from the paranasal sinuses, especially …
PART 1 (DEFINITION → TERMINOLOGY → CLASSIFICATION → EPIDEMIOLOGY → APPLIED ANATOMY → ETIOLOGY → PATHOGENESIS → MORPHOLOGY & HISTOPATHOLOGY) 1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Papilloma of the nose is a benign epithelial tumour arising from the Schneiderian membrane (ectoderm-derived respiratory mucosa) …
PART 1 (DEFINITION → EPIDEMIOLOGY → ETIOLOGY → APPLIED ANATOMY → PATHOGENESIS → MORPHOLOGY & HISTOPATHOLOGY) 1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nose is a malignant epithelial tumour arising from squamous cells of the epidermis or mucosal …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nose is a malignant epithelial tumour arising from basal cells of the epidermis or hair follicle units, characterized by slow growth, local tissue destruction, and extremely rare metastasis. It is the …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION CSF rhinorrhea is the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space into the nasal cavity due to a defect in the skull base, dura mater, and arachnoid membrane, resulting in clear watery nasal discharge. It represents …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Fungal infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses, also called fungal rhinosinusitis, is a spectrum of diseases caused by colonization or invasion of fungal organisms involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It ranges from non-invasive, benign …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Complications of sinusitis are local, regional, or distant pathological consequences arising from spread of infection or inflammation from the paranasal sinuses to adjacent structures such as the orbit, cranial cavity, bone, and soft tissues. They may occur …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Chronic sinusitis (chronic rhinosinusitis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses persisting for more than 12 weeks, despite adequate medical treatment. It is characterized by persistent mucosal edema, impaired mucociliary …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Acute sinusitis (acute rhinosinusitis) is an acute inflammatory condition of the mucosal lining of one or more paranasal sinuses, usually following a viral upper respiratory tract infection, with symptom duration less than 4 weeks. The condition almost …