1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Nasal myiasis is an infestation of the nasal cavity by larvae (maggots) of flies, resulting in progressive destruction of nasal mucosa and underlying tissues, with severe local morbidity if untreated. It is classically seen in tropical and …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Rhinolith is a calcified mass within the nasal cavity formed by progressive deposition of mineral salts (calcium and magnesium phosphates/carbonates) around a central nidus (most commonly a long-standing foreign body). It typically presents as a hard, irregular, …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Foreign body nose refers to the presence of any extraneous object lodged within the nasal cavity, most commonly seen in children, resulting in local irritation, infection, obstruction, or complications if not promptly removed. It is an ENT …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Bleeding polypus is a benign, highly vascular, non-neoplastic lesion of the nose that arises most commonly from the anterior part of the nasal septum, particularly from Little’s area (Kiesselbach’s plexus). It is characterized by: Recurrent epistaxis A …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Antrochoanal polyp is a benign, non-neoplastic, inflammatory polypoidal lesion that originates from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus (antrum) and extends through the maxillary ostium into the nasal cavity, finally projecting posteriorly into the choana and sometimes …
1. EXAM-READY DEFINITION Ethmoidal polyp is a benign, non-neoplastic, inflammatory polypoidal outgrowth arising from the mucosa of the ethmoid sinuses, most commonly protruding into the middle meatus and nasal cavity. It is the commonest type of nasal polyp encountered in …
1. DEFINITION Nasal polyp is a benign, non-neoplastic, inflammatory outgrowth of the nasal or sinus mucosa Mucous polyp arises due to chronic inflammatory edema of mucosa Composed of: Edematous stroma Inflammatory cells Respiratory epithelium Typically bilateral Most commonly originates from: …
1. DEFINITION Vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic non-allergic, non-infective rhinitis Characterized by: Episodic nasal obstruction Watery rhinorrhea Nasal congestion Occurs due to dysregulation of autonomic control of nasal blood vessels No IgE-mediated hypersensitivity No eosinophilia 2. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY (EXAM FAVORITE) …
1. DEFINITION Hypertrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa Characterized by: Persistent hypertrophy of inferior (± middle) turbinates Thickened nasal mucosa Increased submucosal glands and venous sinusoids Leads to chronic nasal obstruction that is not fully …
1. DEFINITION Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic nasal disorder characterized by: Progressive atrophy of nasal mucosa Atrophy of turbinate bones Widening of nasal cavities Formation of thick, dry, foul-smelling crusts Associated with: Loss of ciliary function Secondary infection Fetor (offensive …