1. DEFINITION Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa Caused by IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction Occurs after exposure to environmental allergens Characterized by: Sneezing Nasal itching Rhinorrhea Nasal obstruction 2. IMPORTANCE IN ENT PRACTICE One …
1. DEFINITION Septal perforation is a full-thickness defect of the nasal septum involving: Septal cartilage and/or bone Both mucoperichondrial / mucoperiosteal layers Results in communication between the two nasal cavities Size may vary from: Pin-point perforations Large anterior defects involving …
SEPTAL ABSCESS — PART 1 Diseases of Nasal Septum MBBS 4th Year (Fourth Professional) Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Free Material (Delivered in pure ENT style, Option-3 ultra-expanded, 3500+ words total over multiple parts, bullet-point structure, no intro/no outro, credit line inserted mid-topic …
1. DEFINITION Septal haematoma = collection of blood between septal cartilage/bone and its mucoperichondrium/mucoperiosteum. Occurs when trauma causes separation of mucoperichondrium from underlying cartilage. Surgical emergency, because: Cartilage is avascular Nutrient supply comes only from mucoperichondrium Blood collects → cuts …
1. DEFINITION Structural displacement of nasal septum from the midline. May involve cartilage, bone, or both. Can produce airflow obstruction, turbulence, contact points, and sinus drainage impairment. Deviation may be C-shaped, S-shaped, spur formation, tilt, or dislocation. 2. EMBRYOLOGY & …
1. DEFINITION Epistaxis refers to bleeding from the nose or nasal cavity, arising from mucosal, vascular, cartilaginous, or post-traumatic disruption. It is one of the most common ENT emergencies, accounting for a major portion of nasal presentations in OPD and …
1. DEFINITION OF EXTERNAL NASAL DEFORMITIES External nasal deformities refer to visible alterations in the normal shape, contour, alignment, or symmetry of the nose when viewed from any angle (frontal, lateral, basal, oblique). These deformities may be congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, …
1. Definition Fracture of the external nose refers to any break in the bony or cartilaginous framework of the nasal skeleton.It is the most common facial fracture, accounting for over 50% of all facial trauma cases.Because the nose is prominent, …
CUT NOSE — PART 1 (FOUNDATION + ANATOMY + CLASSIFICATION + INITIAL ASSESSMENT) 1. Definition “Cut nose” in ENT refers to any traumatic laceration, avulsion, partial amputation, or complete amputation of the external nose, involving skin, soft tissue, cartilage, bone, …
1. Anatomy Relevant to Nasal Trauma (ENT Ultra-High Yield) Trauma to the external nose is one of the most common ENT emergencies. To manage it correctly, ENT surgeons must know the anatomy with surgical precision, because small anatomical differences determine …