- 4 Sections
- 416 Lessons
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- Maps, Diagrams, Figures EtcMaps, Diagrams, Figures and Other Important Things134
- 1.1Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°eCopy
- 1.2Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian SeaCopy
- 1.3Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.Copy
- 1.4Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of PakistanCopy
- 1.5Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.Copy
- 1.6Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain RangesCopy
- 1.7Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And DashtCopy
- 1.8Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.Copy
- 1.9Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)Copy
- 1.10Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or DrawingCopy
- 1.11Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is UsedCopy
- 1.12Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.Copy
- 1.13Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional RainCopy
- 1.14Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)Copy
- 1.15Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)Copy
- 1.16Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal VariationsCopy
- 1.17Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And ClimateCopy
- 1.18Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The MountainsCopy
- 1.19Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And CommunicationsCopy
- 1.20Maps, Figures, Diagrams: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.Copy
- 1.21Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of BarragesCopy
- 1.22Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water TreatyCopy
- 1.23Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)Copy
- 1.24Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For DevelopmentCopy
- 1.25Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.Copy
- 1.26Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main LocationsCopy
- 1.27Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their ExtentCopy
- 1.28Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus PlainCopy
- 1.29Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And PlateauxCopy
- 1.30Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their SustainabilityCopy
- 1.31Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And FloodingCopy
- 1.32Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.Copy
- 1.33Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their UsesCopy
- 1.34Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are ExtractedCopy
- 1.35Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As ReservesCopy
- 1.36Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be ExploitedCopy
- 1.37Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral ExtractionCopy
- 1.38Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of ExtractionCopy
- 1.39Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.Copy
- 1.40Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish FarmsCopy
- 1.41Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish FarmsCopy
- 1.42Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh CoastsCopy
- 1.43Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish CaughtCopy
- 1.44Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing TechniquesCopy
- 1.45Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And SustainabilityCopy
- 1.46Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining MethodsCopy
- 1.47Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And DrillingCopy
- 1.48Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of ElectricityCopy
- 1.49Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)Copy
- 1.50Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.Copy
- 1.51Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial PurposesCopy
- 1.52Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End UsersCopy
- 1.53Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To LastCopy
- 1.54Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing ThisCopy
- 1.55Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of OilCopy
- 1.56Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In PakistanCopy
- 1.57Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The SunCopy
- 1.58Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.Copy
- 1.59Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)Copy
- 1.60Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel SchemesCopy
- 1.61Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power GenerationCopy
- 1.62Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.Copy
- 1.63Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.Copy
- 1.64Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are RearedCopy
- 1.65Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And PoultryCopy
- 1.66Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named AboveCopy
- 1.67Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those ProductsCopy
- 1.68Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.Copy
- 1.69Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And DiseasesCopy
- 1.70Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)Copy
- 1.71Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase ProductionCopy
- 1.72Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family LabourCopy
- 1.73Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)Copy
- 1.74Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert OasisCopy
- 1.75Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming SystemCopy
- 1.76Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including TranshumanceCopy
- 1.77Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial CanalCopy
- 1.78Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And TubewellCopy
- 1.79Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And BundsCopy
- 1.80Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be RestoredCopy
- 1.81Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It HappeningCopy
- 1.82Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other MeansCopy
- 1.83Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its SustainabilityCopy
- 1.84Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-addedCopy
- 1.85Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And ServicesCopy
- 1.86Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.Copy
- 1.87Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.Copy
- 1.88Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage IndustryCopy
- 1.89Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export MarketCopy
- 1.90Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other MeansCopy
- 1.91Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of IndustryCopy
- 1.92Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of PakistanCopy
- 1.93Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed IndustriesCopy
- 1.94Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And LabourCopy
- 1.95Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial GrowthCopy
- 1.96Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call CentresCopy
- 1.97Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To TouristsCopy
- 1.98Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).Copy
- 1.99Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And ImportsCopy
- 1.100Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent YearsCopy
- 1.101Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between ThemCopy
- 1.102Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.Copy
- 1.103Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From ThemCopy
- 1.104Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other CountriesCopy
- 1.105Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.Copy
- 1.106Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within PakistanCopy
- 1.107Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And AirportsCopy
- 1.108Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New DevelopmentsCopy
- 1.109Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And PeopleCopy
- 1.110Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.Copy
- 1.111Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The YearCopy
- 1.112Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International AirportsCopy
- 1.113Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And AirportsCopy
- 1.114Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.Copy
- 1.115Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And TradeCopy
- 1.116Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of PakistanCopy
- 1.117Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of PakistanCopy
- 1.118Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For PakistanCopy
- 1.119Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of PakistanCopy
- 1.120Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population GrowthCopy
- 1.121Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over TimeCopy
- 1.122Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.Copy
- 1.123Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)Copy
- 1.124Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural AreasCopy
- 1.125Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).Copy
- 1.126Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of PopulationCopy
- 1.127Maps, Figures, Diagrams:Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)Copy
- 1.128Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.Copy
- 1.129Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To OccupationsCopy
- 1.130Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking PlaceCopy
- 1.131Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And UnemploymentCopy
- 1.132Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual LabourCopy
- 1.133Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And GdpCopy
- 1.134Maps, Figures, Diagrams: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.Copy
- Cheat SheetsShort, Quick Revision Cheat Sheets135
- 2.1The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°eCopy
- 2.2The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian SeaCopy
- 2.3The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.Copy
- 2.4The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of PakistanCopy
- 2.5The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.Copy
- 2.6The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain RangesCopy
- 2.7The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And DashtCopy
- 2.8The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.Copy
- 2.9The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)Copy
- 2.10The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or DrawingCopy
- 2.11The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is UsedCopy
- 2.12The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.Copy
- 2.13The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional RainCopy
- 2.14The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)Copy
- 2.15The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)Copy
- 2.16The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal VariationsCopy
- 2.17The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And ClimateCopy
- 2.18The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The MountainsCopy
- 2.19The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And CommunicationsCopy
- 2.20The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.Copy
- 2.21Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of BarragesCopy
- 2.22Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water TreatyCopy
- 2.23Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)Copy
- 2.24Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For DevelopmentCopy
- 2.25Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.Copy
- 2.26Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main LocationsCopy
- 2.27Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their ExtentCopy
- 2.28Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus PlainCopy
- 2.29Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And PlateauxCopy
- 2.30Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their SustainabilityCopy
- 2.31Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And FloodingCopy
- 2.32Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.Copy
- 2.33Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their UsesCopy
- 2.34Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are ExtractedCopy
- 2.35Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As ReservesCopy
- 2.36Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be ExploitedCopy
- 2.37Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral ExtractionCopy
- 2.38Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of ExtractionCopy
- 2.39Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.Copy
- 2.40Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish FarmsCopy
- 2.41Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish FarmsCopy
- 2.42Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh CoastsCopy
- 2.43Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish CaughtCopy
- 2.44Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing TechniquesCopy
- 2.45Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And SustainabilityCopy
- 2.46Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining MethodsCopy
- 2.47Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And DrillingCopy
- 2.48Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of ElectricityCopy
- 2.49Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)Copy
- 2.50Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.Copy
- 2.51Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial PurposesCopy
- 2.52Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End UsersCopy
- 2.53Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To LastCopy
- 2.54Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing ThisCopy
- 2.55Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of OilCopy
- 2.56Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In PakistanCopy
- 2.57Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The SunCopy
- 2.58Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.Copy
- 2.59Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)Copy
- 2.60Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel SchemesCopy
- 2.61Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power GenerationCopy
- 2.62Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.Copy
- 2.63Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.Copy
- 2.64Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are RearedCopy
- 2.65Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And PoultryCopy
- 2.66Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named AboveCopy
- 2.67Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those ProductsCopy
- 2.68Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.Copy
- 2.69Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And DiseasesCopy
- 2.70Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)Copy
- 2.71Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase ProductionCopy
- 2.72Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family LabourCopy
- 2.73Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)Copy
- 2.74Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert OasisCopy
- 2.75Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming SystemCopy
- 2.76Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including TranshumanceCopy
- 2.77Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial CanalCopy
- 2.78Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And TubewellCopy
- 2.79Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And BundsCopy
- 2.80Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be RestoredCopy
- 2.81Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It HappeningCopy
- 2.82Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other MeansCopy
- 2.83Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its SustainabilityCopy
- 2.84Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-addedCopy
- 2.85Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And ServicesCopy
- 2.86Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.Copy
- 2.87Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.Copy
- 2.88Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage IndustryCopy
- 2.89Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export MarketCopy
- 2.90Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other MeansCopy
- 2.91Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of IndustryCopy
- 2.92Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of PakistanCopy
- 2.93Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed IndustriesCopy
- 2.94Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And Labour’Copy
- 2.95Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial GrowthCopy
- 2.96Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Name Examples Of Export Processing Zones And Other Industrial Estates, Explain The Reasons For Their Development And Describe Their CharacteristicsCopy
- 2.97Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call CentresCopy
- 2.98Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To TouristsCopy
- 2.99Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).Copy
- 2.100Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And ImportsCopy
- 2.101Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent YearsCopy
- 2.102Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between ThemCopy
- 2.103Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.Copy
- 2.104Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From ThemCopy
- 2.105Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other CountriesCopy
- 2.106Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.Copy
- 2.107Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within PakistanCopy
- 2.108Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And AirportsCopy
- 2.109Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New DevelopmentsCopy
- 2.110Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And PeopleCopy
- 2.111Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.Copy
- 2.112Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The YearCopy
- 2.113Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International AirportsCopy
- 2.114Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And AirportsCopy
- 2.115Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.Copy
- 2.116Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And TradeCopy
- 2.117Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of PakistanCopy
- 2.118Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of PakistanCopy
- 2.119Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For PakistanCopy
- 2.120Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of PakistanCopy
- 2.121Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population GrowthCopy
- 2.122Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over TimeCopy
- 2.123Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.Copy
- 2.124Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)Copy
- 2.125Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural AreasCopy
- 2.126Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).Copy
- 2.127Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of PopulationCopy
- 2.128Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)Copy
- 2.129Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.Copy
- 2.130Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To OccupationsCopy
- 2.131Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking PlaceCopy
- 2.132Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And UnemploymentCopy
- 2.133Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual LabourCopy
- 2.134Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And GdpCopy
- 2.135Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.Copy
- Practice Questions/ Practice ExamsPractice Questions/ Exams Based Both On Actual Exam Pattern And On Topical Content To Boost Preparation And Improve Performance134
- 3.1Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Tropic Of Cancer, Latitudes 30°n, 36°n, Longitudes 64°e, 70°e And 76°eCopy
- 3.2Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Arabian SeaCopy
- 3.3Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Pakistan: The Countries Sharing A Border With Pakistan, And Pakistan’s Position In Relation To Others In South And Central Asia.Copy
- 3.4Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: The Administrative Areas Of PakistanCopy
- 3.5Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Location Of Administrative Areas And Cities: Named Cities: Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta And Gwadar.Copy
- 3.6Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Landforms: Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram And Himalaya Mountain RangesCopy
- 3.7Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab And DashtCopy
- 3.8Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Named Deserts: Thar, Thal And Kharan.Copy
- 3.9Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Use The Appropriate Vocabulary When Describing The Distinguishing Features Of Mountains, Plateaux, Floodplains And Deserts (Knowledge Of The Formation Of The Natural Topography Of Pakistan Is Not Required)Copy
- 3.10Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Identify And Name The Above Features On A Photograph Or DrawingCopy
- 3.11Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Steep Slopes And Flat Land On The Way That The Land Is UsedCopy
- 3.12Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: The Natural Topography, Including Drainage: Understand The Influence Of The Natural Topography On Human Activities: Mountains And Deserts On The Road And Rail Networks.Copy
- 3.13Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Distribution Of Temperature And Rainfall, Including Monsoon, Depressions And Convectional RainCopy
- 3.14Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know Seasonal And Regional Variations, And The Factors Contributing To Them, Including Depressions, Thunderstorms And Cyclones (Typhoons)Copy
- 3.15Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Causes Of The Monsoon (Knowledge Of The Causes Of Other Types Of Rain Is Not Required)Copy
- 3.16Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Describe And Explain The Characteristics Of The Climate Of The Arid, Semi-arid, Humid And Highland Regions, Including Seasonal VariationsCopy
- 3.17Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Know The Influence Of Latitude And Longitude On Day Length And ClimateCopy
- 3.18Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Low Temperature, Ice And Snow On The Lives Of People In The MountainsCopy
- 3.19Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Influence Of Rain Storms And Flooding On Agriculture, Industry And CommunicationsCopy
- 3.20Practice Questions: The Land Of Pakistan: Climate: Understand The Influence Of The Climate (Both The Benefits It Brings And The Problems It Causes) On The Economy And On The Lives Of The People: The Problems Caused By Drought And Shortage Of Water Supply On Agriculture And Industry.Copy
- 3.21Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Identify On A Map The Mangla, Tarbela And Warsak Dams, And Name Two Examples Of BarragesCopy
- 3.22Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Importance Of Water As A Resource; Understand How Supplies For Agricultural, Industrial And Domestic Purposes Are Obtained, Maintained And Controlled As Well As Used; Understand The Reasons For, And Consequences Of, The Indus Water TreatyCopy
- 3.23Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate The Causes Of And Solutions To The Problems Of Water Supply (Including Pollution)Copy
- 3.24Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Understand The Value Of Water As A Resource For DevelopmentCopy
- 3.25Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Water: Explain And Evaluate How Water Supply Issues Can Lead To Conflict.Copy
- 3.26Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Different Types Of Forest And Identify, On A Map, Their Main LocationsCopy
- 3.27Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Physical Factors That Control The Distribution Of The Different Types Of Forest, And The Human Factors Which Have Reduced Their ExtentCopy
- 3.28Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: The Development Of Plantations In The Indus PlainCopy
- 3.29Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Reasons For: Afforestation On Mountain Slopes And PlateauxCopy
- 3.30Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Understand The Value Of Forests As A Resource For Development, And The Importance Of Their SustainabilityCopy
- 3.31Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Explain The Effects Of Deforestation, Such As Soil Erosion, Silting And FloodingCopy
- 3.32Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Forests: Evaluate Possible Solutions To The Problems Caused By Deforestation.Copy
- 3.33Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Locations Of Limestone, Gypsum And Rock Salt Extraction From A Map, And Understand Their UsesCopy
- 3.34Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Are ExtractedCopy
- 3.35Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Metallic And Non-metallic Mineral Resources Of Pakistan, And In What Quantities They: Exist As ReservesCopy
- 3.36Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Understand The Extent To Which These Can Be ExploitedCopy
- 3.37Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Describe The Environmental Problems Caused By Mineral ExtractionCopy
- 3.38Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Evaluate The Benefits Of Developing Mineral Resources And Understand The Sustainability Of ExtractionCopy
- 3.39Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Mineral Resources: Identify The Main Imported Minerals, Where They Come From, And In What Quantities.Copy
- 3.40Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Fishing Methods Used In Both Marine And Inland Waters, Including Fish FarmsCopy
- 3.41Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fish Caught In Both Marine And Inland Waters, And Of The Fish Reared On Fish FarmsCopy
- 3.42Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Give Examples Of The Fishing Ports On Both The Balochistan And Sindh CoastsCopy
- 3.43Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Describe The Uses Of The Fish CaughtCopy
- 3.44Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Explain Improvements In Fishing Methods And Processing TechniquesCopy
- 3.45Practice Questions: Natural Resources – An Issue Of Sustainability: Fish: Understand The Problems Facing The Fishing Industry And Evaluate The Possibilities For Its Further Development And SustainabilityCopy
- 3.46Practice Questions: Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Coal As Obtained By Open Cast, Adit And Shaft Mining MethodsCopy
- 3.47Practice Questions: Power: Sources: Describe, With The Help Of A Simple Diagram For Each Method, How Non-renewable Fuels (Coal, Crude Oil And Natural Gas) Are Extracted: Natural Gas And Crude Oil Obtained By Exploration And DrillingCopy
- 3.48Practice Questions: Power: Sources: Understand The Difference Between Renewable And Non-renewable Sources Of ElectricityCopy
- 3.49Practice Questions: Power: Sources: Explain (Briefly) How Electricity Can Be Generated From Renewable Resources (Hydel, Wind, Solar, And Other Possibilities Such As Wave, Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal)Copy
- 3.50Practice Questions: Power: Sources: Understand The Importance Of Power Sources For Development.Copy
- 3.51Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Quality And The Amount Of Coal Available From Within Pakistan And How Long Reserves Are Likely To Last, And Also Describe The Types Of Coal Which Have To Be Imported For Industrial PurposesCopy
- 3.52Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Describe How Coal Both Produced In Pakistan And Imported Is Transported To The End UsersCopy
- 3.53Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Natural Gas Is Produced By Pakistan, And How Long Reserves Are Likely To LastCopy
- 3.54Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Natural Gas Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Explain How Natural Gas Can Be Taken To Those Parts Of Pakistan Away From The Pipelines, And The Limitations Of Doing ThisCopy
- 3.55Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: State How Much Oil Is Produced By Pakistan, How Long Reserves Will Last And How Much Oil Is Imported, And Explain Why It Is Necessary To Import Large Amounts Of OilCopy
- 3.56Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In PakistanCopy
- 3.57Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The SunCopy
- 3.58Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Non-renewable Power Sources Are Running Out, And Are Increasing In Price.Copy
- 3.59Practice Questions: Power: Renewables: Explain And Evaluate The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Different Methods Of Producing Electricity From Renewable Resources (Generated By Water, Wind, Wave And Sun)Copy
- 3.60Practice Questions: Power: Renewables: Understand The Physical And Human Conditions That Favour The Development Of Multi-purpose Hydel SchemesCopy
- 3.61Practice Questions: Power: Renewables: State And Explain The Factors, Both Physical And Human, Which Promote Or Hinder The Availability Of Electricity And Other Power Resources Listed, Including The Feasibility Of Small-scale, Renewable Power GenerationCopy
- 3.62Practice Questions: Power: Renewables: Explain Why The Supply Of Electricity Is Not Sufficient Or Reliable To Develop Many Parts Of Pakistan.Copy
- 3.63Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Agricultural Systems: Understand How Small-scale Subsistence Farming, Cash Crop Farming And Livestock Farming Operate As Systems Made Up Of Inputs, Processes And Outputs.Copy
- 3.64Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify On A Map The Main Areas Where Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat Are Grown, And The Main Areas Where Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And Poultry Are RearedCopy
- 3.65Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Recognise (From Photographs) Fields Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat; Recognise (From Photographs) Buffalo, Cattle, Goats, Sheep And PoultryCopy
- 3.66Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Uses Of The Crops Named AboveCopy
- 3.67Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: State The Main Products Of The Livestock Named Above And The Uses Of Those ProductsCopy
- 3.68Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Crops And Livestock: Identify The Main Areas For The Cultivation And Growth Of Each Of The Following: Apples, Apricots, Bananas, Dates, Maize, Mangoes, Millet, Oilseeds, Oranges, Pulses, Tobacco And Vegetables. Know Why They Are Grown There And State An Important Use Of Each.Copy
- 3.69Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Natural Factors: Topography, Climate (For Both Kharif And Rabi Crops), Soils, Pests And DiseasesCopy
- 3.70Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Human Factors: Capital, Labour, Size Of Holdings, Farming Practices, Irrigation (Types And Methods)Copy
- 3.71Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Waterlogging And Salinity (Including Solutions), Governmental Actions To Increase ProductionCopy
- 3.72Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Rice Grown Using Traditional Methods Of Ploughing, Transplanting, Irrigating, Harvesting And Threshing On Small, Fragmented Holdings Using Family LabourCopy
- 3.73Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Wheat Grown In Areas Dependent Upon Rainfall (Barani Farming Areas)Copy
- 3.74Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Production On Small-scale Subsistence Farms, Including: Dates And Vegetables Grown Using Karez Irrigation In A Desert OasisCopy
- 3.75Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural Factors, Including Climatic Requirements, And Human Factors Affect The Production Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane (Kharif Crops) And Of Wheat (A Rabi Crop) Under The Cash Crop Farming SystemCopy
- 3.76Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain How Natural And Human Factors Affect Livestock Farming (Poultry Farming, The Keeping Of Buffalo And Cattle, The Keeping Of Livestock) On Small-scale Subsistence Farms And The Keeping Of Cattle, Goats And Sheep On A Nomadic Or Semi-nomadic Basis, Including TranshumanceCopy
- 3.77Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Canal Irrigation – Karez, Inundation And Perennial CanalCopy
- 3.78Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Lift Irrigation – Persian Wheel And TubewellCopy
- 3.79Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Describe The Different Types Of Irrigation And Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each For Smallscale Subsistence Farming, And For The Growing Of Cotton, Rice, Sugar Cane And Wheat: Understand The Roles Of Dams, Barrages, Link Canals, Distribution Canals, Field Channels And BundsCopy
- 3.80Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Explain How Land Damaged By It Can Be RestoredCopy
- 3.81Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Explain The Causes Of Waterlogging And Salinity, And: Evaluate How Agricultural Practice And Water Management Can Be Improved To Prevent It HappeningCopy
- 3.82Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand How Government Action Has Helped To Increase Production Through Land Reforms, The Promotion Of Training And The Use Of Machinery, Chemicals, Improved Seeds And Other MeansCopy
- 3.83Practice Questions: Agricultural Development: Factors Affecting Production: Understand And Evaluate The Possibilities For And Problems Of The Development Of Agriculture And Its SustainabilityCopy
- 3.84Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Raw Materials, Refined, Processed, Manufactured And Value-addedCopy
- 3.85Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Understand The Meaning Of The Terms Infrastructure And ServicesCopy
- 3.86Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Understanding Common Terms: Be Able To Define The Terms Primary Industry, Secondary Industry, And Tertiary Industry.Copy
- 3.87Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Processing And Manufacturing Industries To Be Studied: Cement, Cotton (From Ginning To Clothing), Sugar Refining, Crafts, Fertiliser, Iron And Steel, Brick, Oil Refining, Sports Goods, Surgical Instruments. Tourism.Copy
- 3.88Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Definitions Used In Pakistan To Distinguish Between Large-scale Industry, Small-scale Industry And Cottage IndustryCopy
- 3.89Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Products Of The Listed Industries And Whether They Are Destined For The Domestic Market And/or For The Export MarketCopy
- 3.90Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State The Main Locations Of The Listed Industries And Explain The Factors Influencing Location And Development – Capital, Site, Sources Of Raw Materials, Power, Water, Labour, Communications, Government Policy And Other MeansCopy
- 3.91Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Differences Between The Formal Sector And Informal Sector Of IndustryCopy
- 3.92Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Range Of Services Provided By The Informal Sector, And Their Advantages And Disadvantages To The Development Of PakistanCopy
- 3.93Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand The Importance Of Both The Formal And Informal Sectors, And Evaluate The Contributions Of Both Sectors To The Development Of The Listed IndustriesCopy
- 3.94Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Understand Sources Of Capital And LabourCopy
- 3.95Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Explain How The Governing Authorities Promote Industrial GrowthCopy
- 3.96Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Using Global Communications To Enhance Employment Opportunities In Service Industries, E.g. Call CentresCopy
- 3.97Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: State And Describe Briefly, With An Example Of Each, Some Of The Natural And Cultural Attractions Of Pakistan That Are, Or Could Be Made Available To TouristsCopy
- 3.98Practice Questions: Industrial Development: Secondary And Tertiary Industries: Assess The Feasibility Of Developing Tourism As A Means Of Increasing Employment, Development, Gross National Product (Gnp) And Gross Domestic Product (Gdp).Copy
- 3.99Practice Questions: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Name The Main Exports And ImportsCopy
- 3.100Practice Questions: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Describe The Changes In The Types/amounts/value Of Goods Exported And Imported In Recent YearsCopy
- 3.101Practice Questions: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Know And Understand The Meaning Of Gnp And Gdp And The Difference Between ThemCopy
- 3.102Practice Questions: Trade: Major Exports And Imports: Explain The Effect Of Changing Trends In Exports And Imports On Pakistan’s Balance Of Trade And Economy.Copy
- 3.103Practice Questions: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Name And Locate Pakistan’s Main Trading Partners, And Name The Goods Pakistan Exported To Them Or Imported From ThemCopy
- 3.104Practice Questions: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors Which May Promote Or Hinder Trade With Other Countries, And Explain Why It Is Difficult For Pakistan As A Developing Country To Maintain Or Increase Its Share Of Trade With Other CountriesCopy
- 3.105Practice Questions: Trade: Pakistan’s Trading Partners: Understand The Factors That May Promote And Limit Trade, Including Trading Blocs, Trade Barriers And Currency Exchange Rates.Copy
- 3.106Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Interpret Maps To Describe The Regional Variations In The Density And Pattern Of The Road, Rail And Air Transport Networks Within PakistanCopy
- 3.107Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Explain The Factors Which Help And Hinder The Location, Maintenance And Development Of Roads, Railways And AirportsCopy
- 3.108Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Describe Improvements That Have Recently Taken Place In Road, Rail And Air Communications, And Consider The Feasibility Of New DevelopmentsCopy
- 3.109Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road, Rail And Air Transport Within Pakistan For Both Goods And PeopleCopy
- 3.110Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Internal Transport: Evaluate The Development Of New Transport Schemes, Including Motorway And Airport Development.Copy
- 3.111Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map Those Roads (Including The Name Of The Pass They Use, Where Relevant) And Railways Which Cross The International Boundary And Are In Use For At Least Part Of The YearCopy
- 3.112Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Identify On A Map The Ports Of Keamari, Qasim And Gwadar, And The Cities With International AirportsCopy
- 3.113Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain The Factors Which Affect The Location And Development Of Cross-border Roads And Railways, Seaports, Dry Ports And AirportsCopy
- 3.114Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: International Transport: Explain What Is Meant By The Term Dry Port, Name An Example Of One And Explain Why They Have Been Developed In Many Cities Of Pakistan.Copy
- 3.115Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Explain The Importance Of Radio, Television, Phones, Fax Machines, Emails And The Internet In The Fields Of Education, Industry, Services And TradeCopy
- 3.116Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Understand The Problems Of Providing Telecommunications In Some Parts Of PakistanCopy
- 3.117Practice Questions: Transport And Telecommunications: Telecommunications: Evaluate The Role Of Telecommunications In The Development Of PakistanCopy
- 3.118Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Understand The Changing Population Structures (Both Age And Sex) As Shown By Population Pyramids For PakistanCopy
- 3.119Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain And Evaluate The Effects Of The Present And Projected Population Structures On The Economy And Development Of PakistanCopy
- 3.120Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Interpret Graphs And Statistics Illustrating Birth Rates, Death Rates And The Rates Of Natural Increase In Pakistan, And Identify Trends In Population GrowthCopy
- 3.121Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Social, Educational, Economic And Political Factors Which Contribute To Population Growth Over TimeCopy
- 3.122Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Structure And Growth: Explain The Problems For Development Caused By Population Growth Over Time, Consider Its Sustainability And Evaluate Possible Solutions To These Problems.Copy
- 3.123Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain, With Reference To Both ‘push’ And ‘pull’ Factors, The Main Causes Of Population Movements, Including Rural-urban Migration, Seasonal Migration, Emigration And Immigration (Including Refugees)Copy
- 3.124Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Describe And Explain The Effects Of These Population Movements, Including Shanty Developments In Cities, Tent Cities And The De-population Of Rural AreasCopy
- 3.125Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Movements Of Population: Understand The Effects Of Population Movements And Evaluate The Measures Which May Be Taken To Help Solve The Problems Created, Such As Self-help Schemes, Provision Of Clean Water And Other Services (Including Adverse Outcomes Such As Poor Housing).Copy
- 3.126Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Distinguish Between Distribution Of Population And Density Of PopulationCopy
- 3.127Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Recognise The Variations In Both Distribution Of Population And Density Of Population Between The Provinces (Including The Northern Area) And Within The Provinces (Including Within The Northern Area)Copy
- 3.128Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Distribution And Density Of Population: Explain The Physical, Economic, Social And Political Factors Which Contribute To These Variations.Copy
- 3.129Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Employment: Define The Terms Primary, Secondary And Tertiary In Relation To OccupationsCopy
- 3.130Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Proportions Of The Workforce Engaged In Each Of The Primary, Secondary And Tertiary Sectors, And Any Changes In These Proportions That May Have Taken Place Or May Be Taking PlaceCopy
- 3.131Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Explain The Causes Of Rural And Urban Unemployment And Underemployment (That Is, People Who Are Not Fully Employed), And Understand The Problems For Development Created By Underemployment And UnemploymentCopy
- 3.132Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Employment: Describe And Explain The Availability Of Skilled Labour (People Qualified For The Professions, For Management And As Technicians, Etc.) And Manual LabourCopy
- 3.133Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand That Unemployment And Underemployment Can Be Factors That Influence Gnp And GdpCopy
- 3.134Practice Questions: Population And Employment: Employment: Understand And Evaluate The Importance For Pakistan’s Development Of Literacy, Education And Training For Both Males And Females, In Rural As Well As Urban Areas.Copy
- Notes Revision13
Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Understand That Electricity Can Be Generated In A Variety Of Ways. In Thermal Power Stations By Burning Coal, Oil, Gas And Waste, Or With Nuclear Energy; Or With Renewable Sources E.g. Water (Including Hydel), The Wind And The SunCopy
Practice Questions
Question 1
State different non-renewable and renewable ways by which electricity can be generated.
[4 marks]
Question 2
Describe briefly how electricity is generated in a thermal power station using coal, oil or gas.
[6 marks]
Question 3
Describe briefly how electricity is generated using nuclear energy.
[6 marks]
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Pakistan Studies Full Scale Course
Question 4
Describe briefly how electricity is generated using hydel (water) power.
[6 marks]
Question 5
Describe briefly how electricity is generated using wind power and solar power.
[6 marks]
Question 6
Explain why countries use a variety of methods to generate electricity.
[8 marks]
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Pakistan Studies Full Scale Course
Question 7
Explain the advantages of generating electricity from renewable sources.
[8 marks]
Question 8
Evaluate the importance of using a mix of renewable and non-renewable sources for electricity generation in Pakistan.
[10 marks]
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Pakistan Studies Full Scale Course
Model Answers
Note for students:
The model answers below are explanatory only.
They show the main points that should be covered and do not indicate exact length.
Different accurate answers may achieve full marks.
Model Answer – Question 1
- Electricity can be generated using coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear energy.
- It can also be generated using renewable sources such as water (hydel), wind and solar energy.
Model Answer – Question 2
- Coal, oil or gas is burned to produce heat.
- Water is heated to produce steam.
- Steam turns turbines.
- Turbines rotate generators.
- Electrical energy is produced.
- Waste heat may be released to the environment.
Model Answer – Question 3
- Nuclear fuel undergoes nuclear fission.
- Heat is released during the process.
- Water is heated to produce steam.
- Steam turns turbines.
- Generators produce electricity.
- No carbon dioxide is produced during generation.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Pakistan Studies Full Scale Course
Model Answer – Question 4
- Water is stored behind a dam.
- Water flows through turbines.
- Turbines spin generators.
- Electricity is produced.
- Water continues downstream.
- This method uses renewable energy.
Model Answer – Question 5
Wind power:
- Wind turns turbine blades.
- The rotating shaft drives a generator.
- Electricity is produced.
Solar power:
- Solar panels absorb sunlight.
- Solar cells convert light into electricity.
- Power is supplied to the grid or homes.
Model Answer – Question 6
- Energy demand varies throughout the year.
- Some resources are location-specific.
- Renewable sources are weather-dependent.
- Non-renewable sources provide reliable base load.
- Fuel availability affects choice.
- Cost considerations influence decisions.
- Energy security is improved.
- Risk of shortages is reduced.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Pakistan Studies Full Scale Course
Model Answer – Question 7
- Renewable sources do not run out.
- Pollution levels are lower.
- Greenhouse gas emissions are reduced.
- Fuel import bills decrease.
- Long-term energy security improves.
- Local resources are used.
- Rural electrification becomes possible.
- Environmental sustainability is promoted.
Model Answer – Question 8
- Non-renewable sources provide reliable electricity.
- They support industry and urban areas.
- Renewable sources reduce environmental damage.
- Hydel power is cheap after installation.
- Solar and wind have high potential in Pakistan.
- Renewable sources are weather-dependent.
- Initial costs of renewables are high.
- Fossil fuels are limited and polluting.
- A balanced energy mix reduces risks.
- Judgement: Using a mix of renewable and non-renewable sources is essential for Pakistan because it ensures reliable electricity supply while reducing environmental damage and improving long-term energy security.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Pakistan Studies Full Scale Course
Practice Questions: Power: Non-renewables: Describe The Extent Of The Oil Pipeline Network In Pakistan And Describe The Other Methods That Are Used To Transport Both Imported Oil And Oil Produced In PakistanCopy
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