Life of The Prophet (PBUH) In Madinah | O Level Islamiyat 2058 & IGCSE Islamiyat 0493

Outline Of The Topic

Detailed outline of Life of Prophet (PBUH) In Makkah for O Level Islamiyat 2058 & IGCSE Islamiyat 0493, including what shall be covered, concepts clarified and common questions that shall be answered.

1st Year of Hijrat
2nd Year of Hijrat
3rd Year of Hijrat
4rd Year of Hijrat
5rd Year of Hijrat
6rd Year of Hijrat
7rd Year of Hijrat
8rd Year of Hijrat
9rd Year of Hijrat
10th Year of Hijrat
11th Year of Hijrat
12th Year of Hijrat

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1st Year of Hijrat

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Mosque of the Prophet
- Building of the mosque was the first action of the Holy Prophet ( PBUH ) after migration.
- This mosque became the center for all type of activities for example Political , Military etc.
- It became a center for learning and also a social institution
  - Muslims learnt and practised discipline, brotherhood and unity.
- The land for the mosque was bought from two orphans and was known as ‘Masjid -e- Nabawi’ or the ‘Mosque of the Prophet’
- The mosque had one corner reserved known as ‘Suffah’ it became a training center for Islamic education and also a place where poor people could reside and have shelter.
- The roof and wall of the mosque was made up of unbaked bricks and mud.
Azan ( Call for prayer )
- Azaan was introduced as suggested by Hazrat Umer
  - Call to the Muslims
    - Come to the mosque and offer their prayers.
  - Hazarat Bilal is regarded as the first Muezzin ( The person who gives Azan ) of Islam.
Arrangement for the inhabitants of MadinahSettlement of Muhajrin
- Muhajrin were the people who had migrated to Madinah from makkah. The word Muhajrin means emigrants.
- Ansar were the people of Madinah who had helped the Muhajrin to settle. The word Ansar means helpers.
- The emigrants were poor as they had left all their belongings in Madinah.
- Holy Prophet ( PBUH ) created a brotherhood between the Muhajrin and the ansar. One Ansar was made brother of a Muhajrin. As the Muhajrin were in need of help , the ansar were willingly accepted the offer of the formation of a brotherhood.
- As a result the Ansar treated them with hospitality and shared all their belongings with them.
Treaty with the Jews
- There were three tribes of the Jews : Banu Qainuqa , Banu Nazir , Banu Quraiza
- Foundation of the Islamic empire weak if a treaty of cooperation would not be signed with all the people living in Madinah
  - Threat from the Quraish
  - Holy Prophet ( PBUH ) invited the Jewish tribes for consultation .
- A treaty was signed between the Muslims and the Jews
  - gave freedom to the Jews regarding their faith.
  - Muslims would not interfere with the faith of the Jews
  - Would have full liberty to follow their own faith
  - Muslims and the Jews allies
    - Neither party would commit aggression
    - In case of attack on Madinah
      - both the Muslims and the Jews would defend it.
    - This treaty developed cordial relationship between the Muslims and the Jews.
    - This treaty made sure that the Muslims and the Jews lived peacefully as citizens of the same state.
    - This treaty further established Holy Prophet ( PBUH ) as the leader of the state of Madinah.
      - Undisputed leader and a ruler of Madinah.
Hypocrites
- Hypocrites or the Munafiqin were the people who had accepted Islam but were not happy with the success of the Prophet ( PBUH )
- Followed all its rituals such as keeping a fast , offering prayer
  - Deep in their hearts
  - Hatred for the Prophet ( PBUH ) and his companions
  - Spared no chance to harm them.
- The leaders of the Hypocrites was ‘Abdullah bin Ubbay ‘.
  - Before migration he was to be crowned as the King of Madinah
    - He was deprived of this position.
  - Continued to have a bad influence on the haters of Islam.
  - He took away 300 supporters and almost broke the strenght of the Muslims .
  - After the battle of Trench he remained in contact with the Jewsish tribes after they were exiled from Madinah.
    - Them about every movement of the Muslims.
  - Abdullah bin Ubbay also built a mosque outside Madinah where he used to pot against the Prophet ( PBUH )
    - A verse was revealed informing the Prophet about the mosque this mosque
    - Masjid-e- Zarrar.
  - Soon after the Tabuk expedition Adullah bin ubbay died
    - Many of his supporters accepted the faith.

Question 1

Answer:
Explanation:

Question 2

Answer: Around 70-100 Words.
Explanation: The word limit is not mandatory. It may be more or less than this word count. However, 70 to 100 words per part (for example part a(i), part a(ii), part b(i), part b(ii)) provides enough to write the relevant content while not exceeding the given page space.

Keywords:

2nd Year of Hijrat

Fasting
- Fasting in the month of Ramadan was made compulsory for all the Muslims
  - “O you who believe ! Fasting has been prescribed on you as it was prescribed to those before you so that you may leanr self – restraint “
Zakat
- Zakat was also made compulsory for all the Muslims who could afford ( were rich ) in the following words ” And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, do good for Allah loveth those who do good “
Change of Qiblah
- At first the Qiblah was the Mosque of Al- Aqsa in Jerusalam in Madinah
- Holy Prophet ( PBUH ) was offering his Asr prayer
  - Ordered to face in the direction of the Ka’abah
  - In the following words ” We see the turning of your face ( for guidance ) to the heavens , now shall we turn you to a Qiblah, that shall please you . Turn then your face in the direction of the sacred mosque. “
Battle of Badr
- People of Makkah saw rise of Muslims in madinah as a threat to them
- Jews were a major issue for muslims too who were breaking treaties
- Munafiqin were an issue
  - Hypocrites
- People of Makkah asked people of Madinah to either give them Prophet PBUH or kill him
- Abu Sufyan asked for an army to escort him
- Jihad was allowed in Safar 2 AH
- Army went to attack Madinah
- Both the armies met at Badr
  - Quraysh took all the important places at Badr
- 313 Muslims
- 2 horses and few camels
- 1000 Quraish
- Muslims won
- Major Quraysh leaders killed
  - 70 in total
- 70 prisoners taken
  - Abbas – uncle of Prophet PBUH
  - Aqeel- Brother of Hazrat Ali
  - Abul Aas – Son in Law of Prophet PBUH
- Quran mentions the victory at Badr
- Captives were treated mercifully
- Day of Testing
- Decisive Muslim victory
- Prophet PBUH’s position became stronger
- Quraysh lost all their main leaders
- Many new converts
- Allah sent angels to help Muslims in Badr
Banu Qainuqa
- Broke their agreement
- Exiled from Madinah

Keywords:

3rd Year of Hijrat

Uhad
- Ka’ab bin Ashraf from Banu Nazir
- Mourned the death of leaders of Makkah
- Pledged support against Muslims
- 3000 men left Makkah for Madinah
- Prophet PBUH wanted to fight from inside the city
- Companions suggested the opposite
- 3 Miles north of Madinah at Uhad
- Abdullah bin Ubbay deserted with 300 men
- 50 archers posted to defend the mountain so there is no attack from Behind
- Quraysh women accompanied too
- Quraysh started to flee – archers left to take spoils
- Khalid Bin Walid attacked from behind
- Prophet PBUH lost 1teeth and received wounds
- Was defended by a small force
- 70 Muslims killed and 40 injured
- Quraysh lost 30 people
- Hinda chewed liver of Hazrat Hamza to avenge death of her father
- Muslims learnt a lesson for disobeying and also that they have to defend Islam even if prophet PBUH passed away
  - There were rumour during battle that prophet PBUH has been killed
- The desertion of Abdullah bin Ubbay and his men weakened the army
- Muslims learnt that they did not fight for booty but for the noble goal of protectin Islam
- Muslims lost hope when they were counter attacked – they learnt that they are not bound to win just because they are Muslims
- They still succeeded in saving Madinah from being taken over
- Prophet PBUH proved his superior military tactics
- 60 verses in Surah Al-Imran focuses on uhad

Keywords:

4th Year of Hijrat

Banu Nazir
- Tried to murder the Prophet PBUH
- Tried to rise against Muslims
- Prophet PBUH told them to leave Madinah
- They refused for were besieged for 2 weeks
- They surrendered and were exiled

Keywords:

5th Year of Hijrat

Battle of Trench
- Banu Nazir
- Quraysh
- Ghatafan tribe along with some others
- 10000 army of unbelievers
- Hazrat Salman Farsi suggested the idea of digging trench
- 3000 Muslims worked on it
- Banu Quraiza also joined unbelievers
- Also called Battle of Allies – Battle of Ahzab
- Hypocrites also withdrew support
- 1 month long siege
- Strong storm destroyed the tents of unbelievers one night and they had to leave
- Islam became even stronger
- The battle completely broke strength of the unbelievers
Banu Quraiza
- Saad bin Muaz led the siege against them
- Lasted about 1 month
- They surrendered
- Jewish law of old testament applied
  - Men were killed
  - Women and Children taken captives
- Quran mentions this too.

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6th Year of Hijrat

Treaty of Hudaibiya
- Prophet PBUH dreamed of entering Makkah
- Decided to go for Umrah
- 1400 unarmed companions
- Were not allowed entry – stayed at Hudaibiya – 3 miles from Makkah
- 1 Messenger sent to convey that only Umrah was intended
  - Messenger detained
- Another one sent
  - He also detained
- Hazrat Usman sent
  - Rumours spread that he was killed
- Oath taken by Prophet PBUH for battle near Rizwan oasis called Bait e Rizwan
- Quriaysh became afraid
- Treaty with Muslims
  - Not allowed entry this year
  - Next year can enter Makkah for 3 days and perform Umrah
  - If a member of Quraysh fled to Madinah he will be returned but if a Muslim went to Makkah- not returned
  - No fighting with each other or allies of each other for 10 years.
- Many muslims were not happy
  - Even hazrat Umar
- Allah told Prophet PBUH to accept it and called it a manifest victory
- The treaty allowed more contact between Makkans and people of Madinah, so more converts
- Fighting ceased so focus could be diverted elsewhere
- Hazrat Khalid bin Walid and Amr bin Aas Ra accepted Islam
- New muslims who were not allowed according to the treaty to enter Madinah established their camp and looted the Quraysh.
  - Later migrated to Mahinah when treaty over.

Keywords:

7th Year of Hijrat

Message of Islam to other rulers
- Preparations made in 6 AH
- Messengers sent in 7 AH
- Herclius – Roman Emperor
  - Asked abu Sufyan about Prophet PBUH. Upon hearing the praises, he sent a polite reply. Said that Prophet PBUH had all the qualities of a prophet.
- Chosroes – Persia
  - Tore letter and insulted the messenger
  - Prophesized that his kingdom would also break and same happened
- Negus – Abyssinia
  - Became Muslim and sent presents for Prophet PBUH
- Cyrus – Egypt
  - Respected the messenger and sent presents – including horse named Duldul and Hazrat Maria Qibtia. Did not become muslim
- Bahrain and Oman Rulers
  - Became Muslim
Khyber
- Jewish exiled tribes of Madinah settled in Khyber
- Ghatafan tribe and hypocrites supported them
- Saw Hudaibiya as sign of Muslim weakness
- 1600 Muslims advanced towards Khyber
- Jews shut themselves in their 7 forts
- 20000 army
- Qamus was the strongest fort
- All forts captured with ease, but on Qamus fighting delayed for 20 days.
- Hazrat Ali RA to lead days command
  - Muslims captured the fort
- Upon their request, they were guaranteed peace.
Reasons for issues with Jews
- The growing importance of Prophet PBUH in Madinah
- Their learned Rabbis embraced Islam
- Jews charged interest and were money lenders
  - Islam was against it
- Aus and Khazraj rivalry that Jews used to their advantage ended with Islam
- Change of Qiblah
  - Jews began to plot against Muslims
- Expelled from Madinah
Umrah
- Performed Umrah as per Treaty

Keywords:

8th Year of Hijrat

Battle of Mutah
- Messenger to Roam emperor killed at Mutah in Syria
- Army sent
- 3 leaders martyred
- Hazrat Khalid Bin Walid RA took command
- Defeated enemy and won the battle
Conquest of Makkah
- Khuza joined Muslims after Hudaiiya
- Banu Bakr joined Quraysh
- Banu Bakr attacked Khuza and violated the terms of Hudaibiya
- Quraysh were asked to either pay compensation or end alliance with Banu Bakr – or end treaty of Hudaibiya
- Quraysh ended Hudaibiya
- Prophet PBUH left Madinah on 10 Ramzan 8 AH
- Army of 10 thousand
- Divided in 4 squadrons
- Not to attack till attacked – only defend themselves
- Quraysh were bewitched by such an army
- Banu Bakr attacked Khalid Bin Walid RA squadron, 28 men killed
- General pardon announced for everyone except 16 or 17 people who were the bitterest enemies of Islam
- No one to be killed or injured
- Anyone who surrendered would be safe
- House of Abu Sufyan declared Dar Al Aman
- All promises kept
- After Tawaf – 360 idols ordered to be destroyed
- General pardon for all Quraysh
- Only 4 people out of the original list of 16 or 17 were actually killed from the bitterest enemies.
- The Zuhr azan was given by Hazrat Bilal from the roof of the Ka’abah
- Many people came to Prophet PBUH at Safa hill to embrace Islam
- 15 days stay in Makkah
- Many other tribes also accepted Islam
- A governor appointed for Makkah
Battle of Hunain
- Hawazin and Saqeed tribes were preparing to attack Muslims
- 12000 army – 10000 people of Madinah and 2000 new converts to Islam
- Secret attack by enemy archers in the valley of Hunain
- Muslims first retreated but then gathered back.
- Mentioned by name in Quran
- 6000 prisoners of war taken and 24000 camels and 40000 goats taken
Siege of Taif
- 20 days siege but then ended
- 9 AH all of Taif became Muslims

Keywords:

9th Year of Hijrat

Tabuk Expedition
- 9 AH
- Roman emperor commanding army against Muslims – on Syrian border
- Famine and water scarcity in Madinah
- Very hot
- Expedition of Straitness
- Call for donations
  - Hazrat Abu Bakr RA donated everything he had
  - Hazrat Umar RA donated half of everything he had
  - Hazrat Usman RA donated 1000 gold dinars and 300 camels
  - Muslim ladies also contributed
- 30000 army
- Difficult journey
- Romans dispersed without fight
- Prophet PBUH stayed there for 20 days
- Many new converts
- 3 people who did not went with army of Prophet PBUH were excused.
- Last expedition in which Prophet PBUH took part

Keywords:

10th Year of Hijrat

Am – Al Wafd
- Year of deputations, many deputations sent
- Many tribes joined Islam
Farewell Pilgrimage
- Hajjat ul Wida
- Left Madinah on 25 Ziqad 10 AH
- 114000 muslims with him
- 4th ZilHajj reached Makkah
- Gave sermon on Jabal e Rahmat in Arafat
  - Universal charter of Human Rights
  - Accountability on Day of Judgement
  - Right of wives
  - Right of slaves made almost similar to master
  - Basic commandments of Islam
  - Brotherhood
- Last verse revealed of the perfection of religion (5:3)

Keywords:

11th Year of Hijrat

Illness and Death
- Illness in Safar
- 5th day of illness went to apartment of Hazrat Ayesha
- 13 days total illness
- Passed away ion 12 Rabi ul Awwal
- 63 years old
- Buried at the place of passing away.

Keywords:

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1st Year of Hijrat

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2nd Year of Hijrat

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3rd Year of Hijrat

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4th Year of Hijrat

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