Population, Development and Globalisation: Population Structure, Dependency, Developed vs Developing Economies, Specialisation and Trade

1. Population means

A only workers employed in factories
B the total number of people living in a country or area
C only people paying income tax
D only people aged over 65

2. Population growth means

A a fall in the number of people in a country
B an increase in the number of people in a country
C a fall in GDP only
D an increase in exports only

3. Natural increase occurs when

A birth rate is greater than death rate
B death rate is greater than birth rate
C emigration is greater than immigration
D imports are greater than exports

4. Natural decrease occurs when

A birth rate is greater than death rate
B death rate is greater than birth rate
C GDP rises faster than population
D exports rise faster than imports

5. Net migration is calculated as

A immigration – emigration
B birth rate – death rate
C GDP / population
D exports – imports

6. If immigration is 60000 and emigration is 25000, net migration is

A 25000
B 35000
C 60000
D 85000

7. If births are 900000 and deaths are 650000, natural increase is

A 250000
B 650000
C 900000
D 1550000

8. Birth rate means

A number of births per 1000 people per year
B number of deaths per 1000 people per year
C number of immigrants per year only
D number of workers unemployed

9. Death rate means

A number of births per 1000 people per year
B number of deaths per 1000 people per year
C number of exports per year
D number of people in education only

10. Which is most likely to reduce the death rate?

A worse healthcare
B improved sanitation and medicine
C famine and war
D lower vaccination rates

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11. Which is most likely to reduce the birth rate?

A better female education and access to family planning
B higher infant mortality
C lack of contraception
D cultural preference for larger families

12. Which is most likely to increase the birth rate?

A lower infant mortality and better pensions
B higher cost of raising children
C lack of family planning and preference for large families
D higher female employment opportunities

13. Infant mortality rate means

A deaths of infants under one year per 1000 live births
B deaths of adults per 1000 workers
C births per 1000 people
D number of children in school

14. Life expectancy means

A average number of years a person is expected to live
B number of births per woman
C total number of immigrants
D percentage of people unemployed

15. Fertility rate means

A average number of children born per woman
B number of deaths per 1000 people
C number of jobs per worker
D number of exports per household

16. An ageing population means

A a rising proportion of elderly people
B a rising proportion of babies only
C a falling life expectancy
D a fall in the total number of people always

17. Which is most likely to cause an ageing population?

A falling birth rate and rising life expectancy
B rising birth rate and falling life expectancy
C high infant mortality and low healthcare
D high emigration of elderly people only

18. Which is a possible problem of an ageing population?

A higher pension and healthcare costs
B lower dependency ratio always
C more school places needed for babies only
D lower tax burden always

19. Which is a possible benefit of an ageing population?

A older workers may have experience and skills
B pension costs must fall
C healthcare demand must disappear
D dependency ratio must become zero

20. A youthful population means

A a high proportion of young people
B a high proportion of elderly people
C no children in the economy
D no working-age adults

21. Which is a possible problem of a youthful population?

A high spending needed on education and child healthcare
B no need for schools
C pension spending always rises fastest
D labour force must fall immediately

22. Which is a possible future benefit of a youthful population?

A larger future labour force if educated and employed
B lower future output always
C no need for investment in education
D higher old-age dependency immediately

23. Dependency ratio measures

A dependents compared with working-age population
B exports compared with imports
C inflation compared with unemployment
D wages compared with profits

24. Dependents usually include

A children and elderly people outside working age
B only employed workers
C only entrepreneurs
D only commercial banks

25. If dependents increase while working-age population stays the same, dependency ratio

A rises
B falls
C becomes zero
D becomes negative

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

26. A high dependency ratio may mean

A greater pressure on workers and government spending
B fewer dependents per worker
C no tax revenue needed
D all people are employed

27. Which policy may reduce problems of an ageing population?

A raising retirement age
B reducing healthcare efficiency
C discouraging saving for pensions
D reducing labour force participation

28. Which policy may help a youthful population become an advantage?

A investment in education, healthcare and job creation
B reducing school places
C banning training
D reducing vaccinations

29. Which is most likely to increase labour force size?

A immigration of working-age people
B earlier retirement
C lower female labour force participation
D emigration of skilled workers

30. Which is most likely to reduce labour force size?

A higher retirement age
B immigration of skilled workers
C emigration of working-age people
D better childcare support

31. Economic development means

A improvement in welfare, health, education and living standards
B only a rise in prices
C only a rise in population
D only a rise in imports

32. Which indicator is included in HDI?

A life expectancy
B exchange rate
C corporation tax
D trade deficit

33. Which is not included directly in HDI?

A education
B life expectancy
C income per head
D inflation rate

34. Developed economies usually have

A high income per head, high literacy and good healthcare
B low life expectancy and poor education only
C no infrastructure
D no tertiary sector

35. Developing economies are more likely to have

A lower income per head and weaker infrastructure
B perfect healthcare for all citizens
C very high HDI always
D no primary sector

36. Which is usually a feature of a developed economy?

A large service sector
B very low literacy
C very poor healthcare access
D low life expectancy

37. Which is usually a feature of a developing economy?

A higher dependence on primary products
B very high income per head always
C no unemployment
D no external debt

38. Which is a possible obstacle to development?

A poor infrastructure
B high literacy
C effective healthcare
D strong institutions

39. Which is another possible obstacle to development?

A political instability and corruption
B high investment in education
C high productivity
D good transport networks

40. Which policy is most likely to promote development?

A improving education and healthcare
B reducing access to clean water
C cutting all infrastructure spending
D discouraging enterprise

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41. Globalisation means

A increasing integration and interdependence of economies
B complete end of international trade
C only domestic production with no imports
D population falling to zero

42. Which is a cause of globalisation?

A improved transport and communication technology
B higher tariffs everywhere
C complete ban on foreign investment
D no internet access

43. Which is another cause of globalisation?

A trade liberalisation and growth of multinational companies
B fewer international agreements
C banning migration
D rising transport costs only

44. A multinational company is a firm that

A operates in more than one country
B sells only in one village
C is owned only by one household
D never trades internationally

45. Which is a possible benefit of MNCs for host countries?

A job creation and investment
B guaranteed zero pollution
C no pressure on local firms
D no profit repatriation

46. Which is a possible disadvantage of MNCs for host countries?

A profits may be sent back to the home country
B no jobs are ever created
C technology transfer is impossible
D exports must fall to zero

47. Which is a possible benefit of globalisation?

A wider markets, more choice and technology transfer
B less trade in every country
C no foreign investment
D no competition for firms

48. Which is a possible cost of globalisation?

A domestic firms may struggle against foreign competition
B consumers always lose all choice
C exports become impossible
D prices must rise in every market

49. Specialisation means

A concentrating on producing a limited range of goods or tasks
B producing every good in equal amounts
C banning division of labour
D avoiding trade completely

50. Which chain is most accurate?

A specialisation → higher productivity → more trade opportunities → higher output possible
B specialisation → lower productivity → no trade → higher output always
C globalisation → no competition → no imports → lower choice
D high dependency ratio → lower pressure on workers → lower government spending always

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

1. Answer: B

A wrong: population is not only factory workers.
B correct: population is the total number of people living in a country or area.
C wrong: not everyone in the population pays income tax.
D wrong: people over 65 are only one age group.

2. Answer: B

A wrong: this is population decline.
B correct: population growth means the number of people increases.
C wrong: GDP is output/income, not population.
D wrong: exports are trade, not population.

3. Answer: A

A correct: natural increase occurs when births exceed deaths.
B wrong: this is natural decrease.
C wrong: this creates negative net migration.
D wrong: this is trade deficit, not natural increase.

4. Answer: B

A wrong: this is natural increase.
B correct: natural decrease occurs when deaths exceed births.
C wrong: this relates to GDP per head, not natural decrease.
D wrong: this relates to trade.

5. Answer: A

A correct: net migration = immigration – emigration.
B wrong: this calculates natural change.
C wrong: this calculates GDP per head.
D wrong: this calculates trade balance.

6. Answer: B

A wrong: 25000 is emigration only.
B correct: net migration = 60000 – 25000 = 35000.
C wrong: 60000 is immigration only.
D wrong: 85000 adds immigration and emigration.

7. Answer: A

A correct: natural increase = births – deaths = 900000 – 650000 = 250000.
B wrong: 650000 is deaths only.
C wrong: 900000 is births only.
D wrong: 1550000 adds births and deaths.

8. Answer: A

A correct: birth rate is births per 1000 people per year.
B wrong: this is death rate.
C wrong: immigration is migration, not birth rate.
D wrong: unemployment is labour-market data.

9. Answer: B

A wrong: this is birth rate.
B correct: death rate is deaths per 1000 people per year.
C wrong: exports are trade data.
D wrong: education numbers are not death rate.

10. Answer: B

A wrong: worse healthcare raises death rate.
B correct: sanitation and medicine reduce disease and deaths.
C wrong: famine and war raise death rate.
D wrong: lower vaccination rates may raise death rate.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11. Answer: A

A correct: female education and family planning usually reduce birth rates.
B wrong: higher infant mortality may encourage larger families.
C wrong: lack of contraception may increase birth rate.
D wrong: preference for large families raises birth rate.

12. Answer: C

A wrong: lower infant mortality and better pensions may reduce need for many children.
B wrong: higher child-raising cost reduces birth rate.
C correct: lack of family planning and preference for large families raise birth rate.
D wrong: female employment opportunities often reduce birth rate.

13. Answer: A

A correct: infant mortality rate is infant deaths under age one per 1000 live births.
B wrong: this is adult death rate.
C wrong: this is birth rate.
D wrong: schooling is education data.

14. Answer: A

A correct: life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live.
B wrong: children per woman is fertility rate.
C wrong: immigrants are migration data.
D wrong: unemployment is labour-market data.

15. Answer: A

A correct: fertility rate is the average number of children born per woman.
B wrong: deaths per 1000 is death rate.
C wrong: jobs per worker is not fertility.
D wrong: exports per household is not fertility.

16. Answer: A

A correct: ageing population means elderly people form a larger share of the population.
B wrong: more babies means youthful population.
C wrong: ageing usually links to higher life expectancy.
D wrong: total population does not always fall.

17. Answer: A

A correct: fewer births and longer lives increase the elderly share.
B wrong: more births and shorter lives make population younger.
C wrong: poor healthcare reduces life expectancy.
D wrong: elderly emigration would reduce ageing pressure.

18. Answer: A

A correct: ageing increases pressure on pensions and healthcare.
B wrong: dependency ratio may rise.
C wrong: school demand for babies is more linked to youthful population.
D wrong: tax burden may rise.

19. Answer: A

A correct: older workers may bring experience, reliability and skills.
B wrong: pension costs usually rise.
C wrong: healthcare demand often rises.
D wrong: dependency ratio does not become zero.

20. Answer: A

A correct: youthful population means a high proportion of young people.
B wrong: high elderly share means ageing population.
C wrong: youthful population has many children.
D wrong: it does not mean no working-age adults.

21. Answer: A

A correct: many children require high spending on schools and child healthcare.
B wrong: schools are needed more, not less.
C wrong: pension spending is more linked to ageing.
D wrong: future labour force may rise, not fall immediately.

22. Answer: A

A correct: if young people are educated and employed, they become a larger productive workforce.
B wrong: output need not fall.
C wrong: education investment is crucial.
D wrong: old-age dependency does not rise immediately.

23. Answer: A

A correct: dependency ratio compares dependents with working-age population.
B wrong: exports/imports is trade balance.
C wrong: inflation/unemployment is macro data.
D wrong: wages/profits is income distribution/business data.

24. Answer: A

A correct: dependents usually include children and elderly people outside working age.
B wrong: employed workers support dependents.
C wrong: entrepreneurs are economically active.
D wrong: commercial banks are institutions.

25. Answer: A

A correct: more dependents with same workers means dependency ratio rises.
B wrong: it would not fall.
C wrong: it cannot become zero if dependents increase.
D wrong: dependency ratio is not negative.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

26. Answer: A

A correct: more dependents per worker increase pressure on taxpayers and public spending.
B wrong: high dependency ratio means more dependents per worker.
C wrong: tax revenue is still needed.
D wrong: not all people are employed.

27. Answer: A

A correct: raising retirement age increases labour force and reduces pension pressure.
B wrong: worse healthcare efficiency worsens ageing problems.
C wrong: discouraging pension saving worsens future dependency issues.
D wrong: lower participation reduces workers.

28. Answer: A

A correct: education, healthcare and jobs turn young people into productive workers.
B wrong: fewer school places reduce human capital.
C wrong: banning training reduces productivity.
D wrong: fewer vaccinations worsen health.

29. Answer: A

A correct: immigration of working-age people increases labour force.
B wrong: earlier retirement reduces labour force.
C wrong: lower female participation reduces labour force.
D wrong: skilled emigration reduces labour force.

30. Answer: C

A wrong: higher retirement age increases labour force.
B wrong: skilled immigration increases labour force.
C correct: working-age emigration reduces labour force.
D wrong: childcare support can increase labour force participation.

31. Answer: A

A correct: development means broader improvement in welfare and living standards.
B wrong: price rise is inflation.
C wrong: population rise alone is not development.
D wrong: imports alone do not mean development.

32. Answer: A

A correct: HDI includes life expectancy.
B wrong: exchange rate is not included.
C wrong: corporation tax is not included.
D wrong: trade deficit is not included.

33. Answer: D

A wrong: education is included in HDI.
B wrong: life expectancy is included.
C wrong: income per head is included.
D correct: inflation rate is not directly included in HDI.

34. Answer: A

A correct: developed economies usually have high income, literacy and healthcare quality.
B wrong: low life expectancy and poor education are features of lower development.
C wrong: developed economies usually have strong infrastructure.
D wrong: developed economies usually have large tertiary sectors.

35. Answer: A

A correct: developing economies often have lower income and weaker infrastructure.
B wrong: healthcare access may be limited.
C wrong: HDI is often lower, not always very high.
D wrong: many developing economies rely heavily on primary sectors.

36. Answer: A

A correct: developed economies usually have large service/tertiary sectors.
B wrong: literacy is usually high.
C wrong: healthcare access is usually better.
D wrong: life expectancy is usually high.

37. Answer: A

A correct: developing economies often rely more on agriculture/mining/primary products.
B wrong: income per head is not always very high.
C wrong: unemployment or underemployment can exist.
D wrong: external debt may exist.

38. Answer: A

A correct: poor infrastructure raises costs and limits development.
B wrong: high literacy supports development.
C wrong: good healthcare supports development.
D wrong: strong institutions support development.

39. Answer: A

A correct: instability and corruption reduce investment and efficient use of resources.
B wrong: education investment promotes development.
C wrong: productivity helps development.
D wrong: transport networks help development.

40. Answer: A

A correct: education and healthcare raise human capital and living standards.
B wrong: less clean water worsens development.
C wrong: cutting infrastructure hurts development.
D wrong: discouraging enterprise reduces jobs and innovation.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41. Answer: A

A correct: globalisation means economies becoming more connected and interdependent.
B wrong: it increases, not ends, international trade.
C wrong: it involves cross-border production/trade/investment.
D wrong: population falling is unrelated.

42. Answer: A

A correct: better transport and communication make global trade and production easier.
B wrong: tariffs restrict globalisation.
C wrong: banning foreign investment reduces globalisation.
D wrong: no internet access reduces global connection.

43. Answer: A

A correct: trade liberalisation and MNC growth increase global integration.
B wrong: fewer agreements can reduce trade.
C wrong: banning migration reduces global movement.
D wrong: rising transport costs reduce globalisation.

44. Answer: A

A correct: a multinational company operates in more than one country.
B wrong: one village only is not multinational.
C wrong: household ownership is not the definition.
D wrong: MNCs usually trade/invest internationally.

45. Answer: A

A correct: MNCs can bring jobs, capital and investment.
B wrong: pollution is not guaranteed to be zero.
C wrong: local firms may face pressure.
D wrong: profits may be repatriated.

46. Answer: A

A correct: MNCs may send profits back to their home country.
B wrong: jobs may be created.
C wrong: technology transfer can occur.
D wrong: exports may rise.

47. Answer: A

A correct: globalisation can expand markets, choice and technology transfer.
B wrong: globalisation usually increases trade.
C wrong: it often increases foreign investment.
D wrong: competition often increases.

48. Answer: A

A correct: local firms may struggle against larger or cheaper foreign firms.
B wrong: consumers usually gain choice.
C wrong: exports may increase.
D wrong: prices do not have to rise in every market.

49. Answer: A

A correct: specialisation means focusing on a limited range of tasks/products.
B wrong: producing everything equally is not specialisation.
C wrong: specialisation often uses division of labour.
D wrong: specialisation encourages trade.

50. Answer: A

A correct: specialisation can raise productivity, create trade opportunities and increase output.
B wrong: specialisation usually raises productivity.
C wrong: globalisation increases competition/imports/choice.
D wrong: high dependency raises pressure on workers and government spending.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.