Chapter 13 Chapter 13 MCQs

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

1

At standard atmospheric pressure, what are the melting temperature and boiling temperature of pure water?

	melting temperature	boiling temperature
A	0°C	100°C
B	0 K	100 K
C	100°C	0°C
D	−273°C	373°C

2

A substance has a melting temperature of −20°C and a boiling temperature of 85°C.

In which state is the substance at −30°C, 20°C and 100°C?

	−30°C	20°C	100°C
A	solid	liquid	gas
B	liquid	liquid	gas
C	solid	gas	gas
D	solid	liquid	liquid

3

A substance has melting temperature 25°C and boiling temperature 95°C.

At 25°C, a sample of the substance is being heated and is partly solid and partly liquid.

Which statement is correct?

A its temperature rises while melting
B energy supplied increases the average kinetic energy of particles
C energy supplied increases the potential energy of particles
D no energy is absorbed during melting

4

A fixed mass of a substance is heated at a constant rate from solid to gas.

The temperature–time graph has five sections:

P: rising line
Q: horizontal line
R: rising line
S: horizontal line
T: rising line

During which sections is latent heat absorbed?

A P and R
B Q and S
C R and T
D P, Q and S

5

In a heating curve, the temperature remains constant for 4.0 minutes during melting and 12.0 minutes during boiling. The heater power is constant.

What can be concluded for the same mass of substance?

A boiling requires three times as much energy as melting
B melting requires three times as much energy as boiling
C melting and boiling require equal energy because temperature is constant
D no energy is supplied during either flat section

6

A heater supplies energy at 80 W to a substance. During melting, the temperature remains constant for 150 s.

How much energy is supplied during melting?

A 0.53 J
B 80 J
C 150 J
D 12 000 J

7

A 500 W heater is used to boil water at its boiling temperature. The boiling process lasts 6.0 minutes.

Assuming all heater energy goes into changing the state of the water, how much energy is used for boiling?

A 3000 J
B 18 000 J
C 180 000 J
D 3 000 000 J

8

A fixed mass of solid is heated by a constant-power heater. It melts completely in 3.0 minutes. The same heater then boils the liquid completely in 9.0 minutes.

Which statement is correct?

A latent heat of vaporisation for this sample is 3 times the latent heat of fusion
B latent heat of fusion for this sample is 3 times the latent heat of vaporisation
C both changes need the same energy because both happen at constant temperature
D vaporisation needs less energy because particles are already moving in a liquid

9

A substance is heated at constant power. The temperature stays at 64°C for 5.0 minutes, then rises, then stays at 145°C for 20 minutes.

Which statement is correct?

A 64°C is the boiling temperature and 145°C is the melting temperature
B 64°C is the melting temperature and 145°C is the boiling temperature
C both 64°C and 145°C are boiling temperatures
D the substance is a gas at 64°C and a solid at 145°C

10

A pure solid is heated. During melting, which pair of quantities remains constant and changes respectively?

	remains constant	changes
A	temperature	internal energy
B	internal energy	temperature
C	particle kinetic energy	temperature
D	particle potential energy	temperature

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11

During boiling, a liquid changes into a gas.

Which statement best describes the energy supplied?

A it increases only the average kinetic energy of particles
B it weakens/overcomes attractive forces between particles without increasing temperature
C it decreases the internal energy of the liquid
D it makes particles disappear from the substance

12

During melting, why does the temperature remain constant even though energy is supplied?

A particles stop moving completely
B energy is used to separate particles rather than increase average kinetic energy
C the heater stops transferring energy
D the mass of the substance increases

13

A sample of pure ice at 0°C is heated until some ice has melted, but some remains.

What is the temperature of the ice-water mixture at standard atmospheric pressure?

A below 0°C
B 0°C
C between 0°C and 100°C
D 100°C

14

Pure water is boiling at standard atmospheric pressure. A stronger heater is used.

What happens to the boiling temperature and rate of boiling?

	boiling temperature	rate of boiling
A	increases	increases
B	remains constant	increases
C	remains constant	decreases
D	decreases	increases

15

A beaker contains pure water boiling steadily at 100°C. More energy is supplied.

What happens to the average kinetic energy of the water molecules during boiling?

A it increases continuously
B it decreases continuously
C it remains constant
D it becomes zero

16

A fixed mass of liquid is boiling. The heater is turned off but the liquid is still at its boiling temperature.

What is needed for boiling to continue?

A continued energy supply
B lower temperature
C smaller surface area
D lower internal energy

17

Which change of state releases latent heat to the surroundings?

A melting
B boiling
C evaporation
D condensation

18

Which row shows whether energy is absorbed or released by the substance?

	melting	freezing
A	absorbed	absorbed
B	absorbed	released
C	released	absorbed
D	released	released

19

Which row shows whether energy is absorbed or released by the substance?

	boiling	condensation
A	absorbed	absorbed
B	absorbed	released
C	released	absorbed
D	released	released

20

A gas condenses into a liquid at constant temperature.

Which statement is correct?

A average kinetic energy increases
B average kinetic energy remains constant while internal energy decreases
C particle potential energy increases
D no energy transfer occurs

21

A student writes four statements about evaporation.

1 Evaporation can occur at any temperature.
2 Evaporation occurs only at the boiling temperature.
3 Evaporation occurs from the surface of a liquid.
4 Evaporation causes cooling of the remaining liquid.

Which statements are correct?

A 1, 3 and 4
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 2, 3 and 4

22

Which row correctly compares boiling and evaporation?

	boiling	evaporation
A	occurs throughout liquid	occurs at surface
B	occurs only at surface	occurs throughout liquid
C	occurs below boiling point only	occurs only at boiling point
D	occurs without energy transfer	occurs with energy transfer

23

A liquid evaporates from an open beaker at room temperature.

Which particles escape most easily?

A particles with the lowest kinetic energy at the surface
B particles with the highest kinetic energy at the surface
C particles with the lowest kinetic energy at the bottom
D particles with zero kinetic energy

24

Evaporation cools the remaining liquid because:

A the least energetic particles escape, leaving more energetic particles behind
B the most energetic particles escape, reducing the average kinetic energy of the remaining particles
C all particles leave the liquid at the same speed
D the liquid absorbs cold energy from the surroundings

25

A wet cloth dries faster on a windy day.

Which explanation is best?

A moving air reduces evaporation by cooling the cloth
B moving air removes water vapour from above the cloth, increasing evaporation
C moving air increases the boiling temperature of water
D moving air makes water molecules heavier

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

26

Four identical shallow trays contain equal volumes of water.

tray	water temperature	surface area	air movement
A	low	small	still air
B	high	small	still air
C	low	large	windy
D	high	large	windy

In which tray is evaporation fastest?

A A
B B
C C
D D

27

A student wants to reduce evaporation from a beaker of liquid.

Which method is best?

A increase surface area
B blow air over the surface
C put a lid on the beaker
D heat the liquid

28

A liquid evaporates more quickly when its surface area is increased because:

A more particles are at the surface and able to escape
B each particle becomes heavier
C the boiling temperature decreases to room temperature
D the liquid becomes a solid

29

A student compares evaporation from two identical beakers.

Beaker X contains water at 20°C.
Beaker Y contains water at 50°C.
Both have equal surface area and equal air movement.

Which statement is correct?

A X evaporates faster because particles move more slowly
B Y evaporates faster because more particles have enough energy to escape
C both evaporate at the same rate because both are below boiling point
D neither evaporates because water only evaporates at 100°C

30

A person feels cold after stepping out of a swimming pool on a windy day.

Which explanation is correct?

A water on the skin condenses and absorbs energy from the skin
B water on the skin evaporates and takes energy from the skin
C wind makes the skin temperature rise
D the water boils at body temperature

31

A thermometer bulb is wrapped in wet cloth. Air is blown over the cloth.

What happens to the thermometer reading and why?

	reading	reason
A	falls	evaporation removes energy
B	rises	evaporation releases energy
C	falls	condensation removes energy
D	rises	boiling occurs

32

A wet-bulb thermometer shows a lower temperature than a dry-bulb thermometer.

Which condition would make the difference between the two readings larger?

A air is saturated with water vapour
B air is very dry and moving
C air temperature is exactly 0°C
D no evaporation occurs

33

Two identical drops of alcohol are placed on a student’s hands. One hand is placed in moving air and the other in still air.

Which hand feels cooler and why?

A still-air hand, because evaporation is faster
B moving-air hand, because evaporation is faster
C both equally, because evaporation does not depend on air movement
D neither, because alcohol cannot evaporate below boiling point

34

A liquid evaporates in a sealed container until the air above it becomes saturated with vapour.

What happens to the net rate of evaporation after saturation?

A it becomes very large
B it becomes zero because evaporation and condensation rates are equal
C it becomes zero because particles stop moving
D it becomes equal to boiling rate

35

A beaker of water and a beaker of alcohol are placed in the same room. Alcohol evaporates faster.

Which conclusion is valid?

A alcohol particles need less energy to escape from the liquid than water particles
B alcohol must be hotter than water
C alcohol has no forces between particles
D water cannot evaporate at room temperature

36

A student says, “Boiling and evaporation are the same because both turn liquid into gas.”

Which correction is best?

A Boiling occurs throughout the liquid at a fixed temperature; evaporation occurs at the surface over a range of temperatures.
B Boiling occurs only at the surface; evaporation occurs throughout the liquid.
C Evaporation occurs only at 100°C; boiling occurs at any temperature.
D Evaporation releases latent heat; boiling releases no energy.

37

At standard atmospheric pressure, pure water is heated from 20°C to steam at 100°C.

Which sequence is correct?

A temperature rises to 100°C, then remains constant while boiling
B temperature remains at 20°C while boiling begins
C temperature rises above 100°C before boiling begins
D temperature falls during boiling because evaporation cools it

38

A fixed mass of ice at −10°C is heated steadily until it becomes steam at 100°C.

Which section of the heating process has temperature increasing?

A melting at 0°C only
B boiling at 100°C only
C warming ice, warming water
D melting and boiling only

39

A sample of pure water freezes at 0°C.

Which statement is correct during freezing?

A temperature remains constant and energy is released
B temperature rises and energy is absorbed
C temperature remains constant and energy is absorbed
D temperature falls continuously and no energy is transferred

40

A freezer removes energy from water at 0°C until all of it freezes.

What happens to the average kinetic energy and internal energy of the water/ice during freezing?

	average kinetic energy	internal energy
A	decreases	decreases
B	constant	decreases
C	constant	increases
D	increases	decreases

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41

A substance is heated by a 200 W heater. Its temperature remains constant for 8.0 minutes while it changes state.

How much energy is absorbed during this change of state?

A 1600 J
B 9600 J
C 96 000 J
D 1 600 000 J

42

A fixed mass of substance is heated by a constant-power heater.

It melts in 5.0 minutes and boils completely in 25 minutes.

What is the ratio:

energy absorbed during boiling : energy absorbed during melting?

A 1 : 5
B 5 : 1
C 20 : 1
D 25 : 5 only if temperature changes are equal

43

A heating curve for a pure substance has a flat section at −39°C and another flat section at 357°C.

Which statement is correct?

A melting temperature is 357°C and boiling temperature is −39°C
B melting temperature is −39°C and boiling temperature is 357°C
C both flat sections represent warming of a liquid
D the substance cannot exist as a liquid

44

A substance has melting temperature −10°C and boiling temperature 60°C.

Which row gives the state at −10°C during melting and at 60°C during boiling?

	at −10°C during melting	at 60°C during boiling
A	solid only	liquid only
B	liquid only	gas only
C	solid and liquid	liquid and gas
D	gas only	solid only

45

A liquid is boiling steadily. Which observation supports that boiling occurs throughout the liquid?

A bubbles form within the liquid and rise to the surface
B only surface particles leave the liquid
C the liquid temperature is below its boiling temperature
D the surface area decreases

46

A puddle dries on a cold day even though the temperature is far below 100°C.

Which statement explains this?

A evaporation can occur below boiling temperature
B boiling occurs at all temperatures
C water freezes before it can evaporate
D water molecules have no kinetic energy below 100°C

47

A student heats pure water in an open beaker. At 100°C, the temperature stops rising for several minutes.

What is the best explanation?

A the thermometer is faulty
B the energy supplied is used to change state rather than increase temperature
C the heater has stopped working
D water molecules stop moving at 100°C

48

A liquid of mass m is evaporating from the surface at room temperature.

Which change would not directly increase the rate of evaporation?

A increasing the surface area
B increasing air movement
C increasing the temperature
D increasing the depth while surface area remains the same

49

A small amount of ether evaporates quickly from a student’s skin and feels very cold.

What can be concluded about ether?

A it removes energy from the skin during evaporation
B it releases latent heat to the skin during evaporation
C it cannot evaporate below its boiling point
D its particles have no kinetic energy

50

A liquid is evaporating. The most energetic particles leave the surface.

Which statement is correct immediately after some particles escape?

A the average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid decreases
B the average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid increases
C the temperature of the remaining liquid rises
D the remaining particles stop moving

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

Chapter 13 Answer Key

Q	Ans	Q	Ans	Q	Ans	Q	Ans	Q	Ans
1	A	11	B	21	A	31	A	41	C
2	A	12	B	22	A	32	B	42	B
3	C	13	B	23	B	33	B	43	B
4	B	14	B	24	B	34	B	44	C
5	A	15	C	25	B	35	A	45	A
6	D	16	A	26	D	36	A	46	A
7	C	17	D	27	C	37	A	47	B
8	A	18	B	28	A	38	C	48	D
9	B	19	B	29	B	39	A	49	A
10	A	20	B	30	B	40	B	50	A

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

Detailed Explanations

1. A

At standard atmospheric pressure:
- pure water melts/freezes at 0°C
- pure water boils/condenses at 100°C
0 K is absolute zero, not the melting temperature of water.
373 K is 100°C, but option D gives −273°C as melting point, which is wrong.

2. A

Melting temperature = −20°C.
Boiling temperature = 85°C.
At −30°C:
- below melting temperature, so it is solid.
At 20°C:
- between melting and boiling temperatures, so it is liquid.
At 100°C:
- above boiling temperature, so it is gas.

3. C

At 25°C, the substance is melting.
During melting:
- temperature stays constant
- average kinetic energy stays constant
- supplied energy increases particle potential energy
Energy is used to weaken/overcome forces between particles.

4. B

In a heating curve:
- rising sections = temperature increasing
- horizontal sections = change of state
Latent heat is absorbed during change of state.
Q is melting.
S is boiling.
Answer = Q and S

5. A

Heater power is constant.
Energy supplied = power × time.
Boiling flat section lasts 12.0 minutes.
Melting flat section lasts 4.0 minutes.
12 / 4 = 3
So boiling requires three times as much energy as melting for this sample.

6. D

Energy = power × time
E = 80 × 150
E = 12 000 J

7. C

Time = 6.0 minutes = 360 s
Energy = power × time
E = 500 × 360
E = 180 000 J

8. A

Same heater means same power.
Energy is proportional to time.
Melting time = 3.0 minutes.
Boiling time = 9.0 minutes.
Boiling requires 9 / 3 = 3 times more energy.
So latent heat of vaporisation for this sample is 3 times latent heat of fusion.

9. B

First flat section happens at the lower temperature.
This is melting.
Second flat section happens at the higher temperature.
This is boiling.
So 64°C is the melting temperature and 145°C is the boiling temperature.

10. A

During melting:
- temperature remains constant
- average kinetic energy remains constant
- internal energy increases
Energy supplied increases particle potential energy.
Therefore temperature remains constant while internal energy changes.

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11. B

During boiling, temperature stays constant.
Energy is not increasing average kinetic energy.
Instead, energy is used to overcome attractive forces between particles.
Particles become much farther apart as liquid changes to gas.

12. B

During melting, energy is supplied but temperature does not rise.
Average kinetic energy stays constant.
Energy is used to separate particles and weaken forces between them.
This increases internal energy through particle potential energy.

13. B

Pure ice and water can coexist at 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure.
If ice is still present and melting is occurring, the temperature remains 0°C.
It does not rise above 0°C until all the ice has melted.

14. B

A stronger heater supplies energy faster.
The boiling temperature of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure remains 100°C.
The rate of boiling increases because more energy is supplied per second.

15. C

During boiling, temperature remains constant.
Average kinetic energy depends on temperature.
Therefore average kinetic energy remains constant.
Supplied energy increases particle potential energy, not average kinetic energy.

16. A

Boiling requires energy to change liquid into gas.
If the heater is turned off, boiling cannot continue for long unless energy is still supplied from somewhere else.
Boiling needs continued energy supply.

17. D

Condensation is gas changing into liquid.
During condensation, energy is released to the surroundings.
Freezing also releases energy, but it is not listed here.
Condensation is the correct option.

18. B

Melting:
- solid to liquid
- energy absorbed
Freezing:
- liquid to solid
- energy released
Answer = absorbed, released.

19. B

Boiling:
- liquid to gas
- energy absorbed
Condensation:
- gas to liquid
- energy released
Answer = absorbed, released.

20. B

During condensation, temperature remains constant.
Average kinetic energy remains constant.
The substance releases energy, so internal energy decreases.
Particle potential energy decreases as particles come closer together.

21. A

Correct statements:

Evaporation can occur at any temperature.
Evaporation occurs from the surface of a liquid.
Evaporation causes cooling of the remaining liquid.

Statement 2 is wrong because evaporation does not occur only at boiling temperature.

22. A

Boiling occurs throughout the liquid.
Evaporation occurs only at the surface.
Boiling happens at a fixed boiling temperature.
Evaporation can happen below boiling temperature.

23. B

Particles escape from the surface during evaporation.
The particles most likely to escape are those with the highest kinetic energy.
They have enough energy to overcome attractive forces.

24. B

The most energetic particles escape first.
The remaining liquid has a lower average kinetic energy.
Lower average kinetic energy means lower temperature.
This is why evaporation causes cooling.

25. B

Wind removes water vapour from above the cloth.
This prevents the air above the cloth from becoming saturated.
More water particles can escape.
Evaporation becomes faster.

26. D

Evaporation is fastest when:
- temperature is high
- surface area is large
- air movement is strong
Tray D has all three conditions.

27. C

A lid reduces evaporation by trapping vapour above the liquid.
It also reduces air movement over the surface.
Increasing surface area, blowing air, and heating all increase evaporation.

28. A

Evaporation happens at the surface.
Increasing surface area means more particles are at the surface.
More particles are available to escape per second.
Evaporation rate increases.

29. B

Higher temperature means particles have higher average kinetic energy.
More particles have enough energy to escape.
Therefore water at 50°C evaporates faster than water at 20°C.
Water does evaporate below 100°C; it just does not boil.

30. B

Water evaporates from the skin.
Evaporation requires energy.
This energy is taken from the skin.
The skin loses thermal energy and feels cold.

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

31. A

Air blown over wet cloth increases evaporation.
Evaporation removes energy from the thermometer bulb.
The thermometer cools.
The reading falls.

32. B

A larger wet-bulb/dry-bulb difference occurs when evaporation is faster.
Evaporation is faster in dry air and moving air.
Saturated air reduces evaporation.
So dry moving air gives the greatest difference.

33. B

Moving air removes alcohol vapour more quickly.
This increases the rate of evaporation.
Faster evaporation removes energy faster from the skin.
The moving-air hand feels cooler.

34. B

In a sealed container, vapour builds up above the liquid.
Eventually, the air becomes saturated.
At saturation:
- evaporation still occurs
- condensation also occurs at the same rate
Net evaporation becomes zero.

35. A

If alcohol evaporates faster under the same conditions, its particles escape more easily.
This means less energy is needed for alcohol particles to escape compared with water.
It does not mean alcohol has no intermolecular forces.

36. A

Boiling:
- occurs throughout the liquid
- occurs at a fixed boiling temperature
Evaporation:
- occurs at the surface
- can occur over a range of temperatures
Both turn liquid into gas, but they are not the same process.

37. A

Water warms from 20°C to 100°C.
At 100°C, it boils.
During boiling, temperature remains constant while energy changes liquid into gas.
It does not rise above 100°C until the water has boiled away, assuming standard pressure.

38. C

Temperature increases during:
- warming ice from −10°C to 0°C
- warming water from 0°C to 100°C
Temperature remains constant during:
- melting at 0°C
- boiling at 100°C

39. A

During freezing:
- liquid changes into solid
- temperature remains constant at the freezing point
- energy is released to the surroundings

40. B

During freezing at constant temperature:
- average kinetic energy remains constant
- internal energy decreases
Energy is removed as particles become more strongly bonded in the solid.

41. C

Time = 8.0 minutes = 480 s
Energy = power × time
E = 200 × 480
E = 96 000 J

42. B

Constant-power heater means energy is proportional to time.
Boiling takes 25 minutes.
Melting takes 5 minutes.
Ratio boiling : melting = 25 : 5 = 5 : 1

43. B

Lower flat section = melting temperature.
Higher flat section = boiling temperature.
Melting temperature = −39°C.
Boiling temperature = 357°C.

44. C

At melting temperature during melting:
- solid and liquid are present together.
At boiling temperature during boiling:
- liquid and gas are present together.
Answer = solid and liquid; liquid and gas.

45. A

Boiling occurs throughout the liquid.
Evidence: bubbles form within the liquid and rise to the surface.
Evaporation would only involve particles leaving from the surface.

46. A

Evaporation can occur below boiling temperature.
A puddle can dry even on a cold day because some surface molecules still have enough energy to escape.
Water does not need to reach 100°C to evaporate.

47. B

At 100°C, pure water boils at standard pressure.
The temperature stops rising because supplied energy is used for change of state.
The energy separates particles rather than increasing average kinetic energy.

48. D

Evaporation depends mainly on:
- temperature
- surface area
- air movement
- humidity
Increasing depth while surface area remains the same does not directly increase evaporation rate.
Nice little trap. Depth is not the boss here.

49. A

Ether evaporates quickly.
Evaporation needs energy.
Ether takes energy from the skin.
The skin cools and feels very cold.

50. A

The most energetic particles leave the surface.
The remaining particles have a lower average kinetic energy.
Lower average kinetic energy means lower temperature.
So the average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid decreases.

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

Common Traps From This Chapter

Trap	Correct Rule
Melting	solid to liquid, energy absorbed
Freezing	liquid to solid, energy released
Boiling	liquid to gas throughout liquid
Condensation	gas to liquid, energy released
Evaporation	surface only, any temperature
Boiling temperature	fixed for pure substance at fixed pressure
Stronger heater during boiling	temperature same, boiling faster
Flat heating-curve section	change of state
Rising heating-curve section	temperature rising
During change of state	average kinetic energy constant
During change of state	internal energy changes
Melting/boiling	particle potential energy increases
Freezing/condensation	particle potential energy decreases
Evaporation cooling	most energetic particles escape
Fast evaporation	high temperature, large surface area, wind/dry air
Reduce evaporation	lid, lower temperature, smaller surface area
Wet-bulb thermometer	evaporation lowers reading
Saturated air	evaporation and condensation rates equal
Boiling vs evaporation	not the same, even though both form gas

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