Pressure

Chapter 10 MCQs

Take g = 10 N/kg where needed.

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

1

A block exerts a force of 120 N on a horizontal surface. The area of contact is 0.030 m².

What pressure does the block exert?

A 3.6 Pa
B 36 Pa
C 4000 Pa
D 40 000 Pa

2

A 2.0 kg object rests on a table. Its area of contact with the table is 25 cm².

What pressure does it exert on the table?

A 80 Pa
B 800 Pa
C 8000 Pa
D 80 000 Pa

3

A block has weight 48 N and dimensions 0.10 m × 0.20 m × 0.30 m.

On which face should it rest to exert the greatest pressure, and what is that pressure?

A 0.10 m × 0.20 m face, 2400 Pa
B 0.10 m × 0.30 m face, 1600 Pa
C 0.20 m × 0.30 m face, 800 Pa
D 0.20 m × 0.30 m face, 2400 Pa

4

A force acts normally on a surface. The force is doubled and the area is also doubled.

What happens to the pressure?

A it becomes one quarter as large
B it becomes half as large
C it stays the same
D it doubles

5

Two identical heavy tiles are placed on soft ground. Tile X lies flat. Tile Y stands on its narrow edge.

Which row compares the force and pressure exerted on the ground?

	force on ground	pressure on ground
A	same	same
B	same	greater for X
C	same	greater for Y
D	greater for Y	greater for Y

6

A hammer drives a nail into wood. The hammer exerts a force on the nail head. The nail point exerts a force on the wood.

Assuming the force is transmitted through the nail, which comparison is correct?

	force on nail head and wood	pressure at nail point compared with nail head
A	same	greater
B	same	smaller
C	greater on wood	greater
D	greater on nail head	smaller

7

The pressure due to water at a depth of 0.75 m is required.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the pressure due to the water?

A 750 Pa
B 7500 Pa
C 75 000 Pa
D 750 000 Pa

8

A diver moves from a depth of 0.50 m to a depth of 1.20 m in water.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the increase in pressure due to the water?

A 700 Pa
B 1700 Pa
C 7000 Pa
D 17 000 Pa

9

A liquid produces a pressure of 2400 Pa at a depth of 0.30 m.

What is the density of the liquid?

A 80 kg/m³
B 720 kg/m³
C 800 kg/m³
D 8000 kg/m³

10

Four points are at different depths in liquids.

point	density of liquid / kg/m³	depth / m
A	800	1.8
B	1000	1.5
C	1200	1.2
D	600	3.0

At which point is the pressure due to the liquid greatest?

A A
B B
C C
D D

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11

Three containers have different shapes but contain the same liquid to the same vertical depth. The base areas of the containers are equal.

Which statement about the pressure at the base is correct?

A greatest in the container with the greatest volume of liquid
B greatest in the widest container
C the same in all three containers
D zero in the narrowest container

12

A sealed tank contains water. Points P and Q are at the same vertical depth below the water surface but on opposite sides of the tank.

Which statement is correct?

A pressure at P is greater because it is nearer the wall
B pressure at Q is greater because it is farther from the wall
C pressure at P and Q is the same
D pressure depends only on the area of the tank wall

13

Two containers contain the same liquid. Container X has a large base and container Y has a small base. The liquid depth is the same in both containers.

Which statement is correct?

A pressure at the base is greater in X because X has a larger base
B pressure at the base is greater in Y because Y has a smaller base
C pressure at the base is the same in both
D pressure at the base depends only on the total mass of liquid

14

Water of depth 0.40 m is in a tank. The base area of the tank is 0.030 m².

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What force does the water exert on the base due to liquid pressure?

A 12 N
B 120 N
C 400 N
D 1200 N

15

A diver is 2.0 m below the surface of water. Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the total pressure on the diver?

A 20 kPa
B 80 kPa
C 100 kPa
D 120 kPa

16

A mercury barometer has a column height of 0.760 m.

Density of mercury = 13 600 kg/m³.

What atmospheric pressure does this represent?

A 1.03 × 10³ Pa
B 1.03 × 10⁴ Pa
C 1.03 × 10⁵ Pa
D 1.03 × 10⁶ Pa

17

A mercury barometer is taken to the top of a high mountain.

What happens to the height of the mercury column?

A it decreases because atmospheric pressure is lower
B it increases because atmospheric pressure is lower
C it stays the same because mercury density is unchanged
D it becomes zero because gravity is zero

18

A gas is connected to a U-tube manometer containing water. The water level difference is 12 cm. The gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Atmospheric pressure = 100 000 Pa.
Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the gas pressure?

A 98 800 Pa
B 100 120 Pa
C 101 200 Pa
D 112 000 Pa

19

In a hydraulic machine, a force of 50 N is applied to a small piston of area 0.0050 m². The larger piston has area 0.20 m².

What force is produced at the larger piston?

A 1.25 N
B 200 N
C 1000 N
D 2000 N

20

A hydraulic machine has a large piston with four times the area of the small piston. The small piston is pushed down by 0.20 m.

Ignoring energy losses, how far does the large piston move up?

A 0.050 m
B 0.20 m
C 0.80 m
D 1.25 m

21

In a connected tube containing one liquid at rest, points X and Y are at the same horizontal level.

Which statement is correct?

A pressure at X is greater if the tube is wider there
B pressure at Y is greater if more liquid is above Y
C pressure at X and Y is the same
D pressure is zero at both points

22

A submarine window is 50 m below the sea surface.

Density of sea water = 1030 kg/m³.

What is the pressure due to the sea water?

A 5.15 × 10³ Pa
B 5.15 × 10⁴ Pa
C 5.15 × 10⁵ Pa
D 5.15 × 10⁶ Pa

23

A metal can contains steam. The can is sealed and then cooled. It collapses.

Which statement explains why?

A cooling increases the pressure inside the can
B atmospheric pressure outside becomes greater than pressure inside
C the metal loses all its weight
D air pressure outside becomes zero

24

An elephant has weight 40 000 N and stands on four feet. The area of each foot in contact with the ground is 0.050 m².

A person has weight 600 N and stands on two high heels. The area of each heel is 1.0 cm².

Which statement is correct?

A the elephant exerts greater pressure
B the person exerts greater pressure
C both exert the same pressure
D pressure cannot be compared because their weights are different

25

Snowshoes help a person walk on soft snow.

Which statement explains why?

A they increase the person’s weight
B they decrease the person’s weight
C they increase the contact area and reduce pressure
D they decrease the contact area and reduce pressure

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

26

A brick has weight 12 N and dimensions 2.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 6.0 cm.

What is the minimum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surface?

A 670 Pa
B 6700 Pa
C 20 000 Pa
D 100 000 Pa

27

An object exerts a pressure of 5000 Pa on a surface. Its area of contact is 40 cm².

What is the mass of the object?

A 0.20 kg
B 2.0 kg
C 20 kg
D 200 kg

28

Liquid X has density ρ and depth h. Liquid Y has density ρ/2 and depth 2h.

How does the pressure at the bottom of Y compare with the pressure at the bottom of X?

A one quarter as large
B half as large
C the same
D twice as large

29

A mercury barometer reads 0.760 m. A water barometer is used at the same place.

Density of mercury = 13 600 kg/m³.
Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What height of water column is needed?

A 0.056 m
B 0.760 m
C 7.6 m
D 10.3 m

30

A submarine descends from a depth of 20 m to a depth of 50 m. A window has area 0.20 m².

Density of sea water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the increase in force on the window due to the water pressure?

A 600 N
B 6000 N
C 60 000 N
D 600 000 N

31

A force of 5.0 N acts normally on an area of 2.0 mm².

What is the pressure?

A 2.5 × 10³ Pa
B 2.5 × 10⁴ Pa
C 2.5 × 10⁵ Pa
D 2.5 × 10⁶ Pa

32

A column of water of height 0.40 m produces the same pressure as a column of oil.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.
Density of oil = 800 kg/m³.

What height of oil is needed?

A 0.32 m
B 0.40 m
C 0.50 m
D 0.80 m

33

The wall of a dam is made thicker at the bottom than at the top.

Why?

A water pressure is greatest near the surface
B water pressure increases with depth
C water density decreases with depth
D atmospheric pressure only acts at the bottom

34

Which statements about pressure in a liquid at rest are correct?

1 Pressure increases with depth.
2 Pressure at the same depth is the same in all directions.
3 Pressure depends on the density of the liquid.

A 1 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

35

A rectangular block has dimensions 5 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm. It is placed on a table in two different positions.

What is the ratio:

maximum pressure : minimum pressure?

A 1 : 4
B 2 : 1
C 4 : 1
D 8 : 1

36

A sealed gas syringe has a piston of area 4.0 cm². The gas pressure inside is 25 kPa greater than atmospheric pressure.

What external force is needed to hold the piston stationary?

A 1.0 N
B 10 N
C 100 N
D 1000 N

37

A gas particle model is used to explain gas pressure.

Which change increases the pressure of a fixed mass of gas in a sealed container?

A decreasing the speed of the particles
B increasing the volume of the container at constant temperature
C increasing the temperature at constant volume
D decreasing the number of collisions with the walls per second

38

A hydraulic press has a small piston of radius 2.0 cm and a large piston of radius 10.0 cm. A force of 100 N is applied to the small piston.

What force acts on the large piston?

A 500 N
B 1000 N
C 2500 N
D 5000 N

39

A liquid of density 1200 kg/m³ produces a pressure of 18 000 Pa at a certain depth.

What is the depth?

A 0.15 m
B 1.5 m
C 15 m
D 150 m

40

Two pistons contain the same trapped liquid. Piston X has area 0.015 m² and piston Y has area 0.060 m². The pressure in the liquid is the same at both pistons.

How does the force on Y compare with the force on X?

A one quarter as large
B the same
C four times as large
D sixteen times as large

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41

A cube has side length 0.20 m and density 800 kg/m³. It rests on one face on a horizontal table.

What pressure does it exert on the table?

A 400 Pa
B 800 Pa
C 1600 Pa
D 3200 Pa

42

A cylindrical container holds 3.0 kg of liquid. The base area of the container is 0.012 m².

What pressure does the liquid exert on the base due to its weight?

A 250 Pa
B 2500 Pa
C 25 000 Pa
D 36 000 Pa

43

A cylindrical tank has base area 0.020 m². It contains 0.030 m³ of water.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the pressure at the base due to the water?

A 600 Pa
B 1500 Pa
C 15 000 Pa
D 30 000 Pa

44

Two vertical tubes of different diameters are connected at the bottom and contain the same liquid. The liquid is at rest and open to the atmosphere.

What happens to the liquid levels?

A the narrower tube has a higher level
B the wider tube has a higher level
C the levels are the same
D the level is higher in the tube with smaller base pressure

45

A U-tube contains water in one arm and oil in the other. At equilibrium, a 12 cm column of water balances a 15 cm column of oil.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the density of the oil?

A 750 kg/m³
B 800 kg/m³
C 1000 kg/m³
D 1250 kg/m³

46

A point on the side of a water tank is 0.25 m below the water surface.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m³.

What is the pressure due to the water at this point?

A 250 Pa
B 2500 Pa
C 25 000 Pa
D 250 000 Pa

47

An underwater camera moves from 5.0 m depth to 2.0 m depth in the same liquid.

What happens to the pressure due to the liquid?

A it becomes 2/5 of its original value
B it becomes 5/2 of its original value
C it decreases by a factor of 10
D it remains unchanged

48

A block has weight W and rests on a face of area A. It is then turned so that it rests on a face of area 4A.

What is the new pressure?

A P/4
B P/2
C 2P
D 4P

49

A mercury barometer uses a tube of internal diameter 4.0 mm. It is replaced by a tube of internal diameter 8.0 mm.

Assuming ideal conditions, what happens to the height of the mercury column?

A it halves
B it remains unchanged
C it doubles
D it becomes four times larger

50

A car has mass 1200 kg. The gauge pressure in each tyre is 220 kPa. Assume the tyres support the car only because of this pressure.

What is the approximate contact area of each tyre with the road?

A 0.0034 m²
B 0.014 m²
C 0.055 m²
D 0.22 m²

For Full Scale Course: Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

Chapter 10 Answer Key

Q	Ans	Q	Ans	Q	Ans	Q	Ans	Q	Ans
1	C	11	C	21	C	31	D	41	C
2	C	12	C	22	C	32	C	42	B
3	A	13	C	23	B	33	B	43	C
4	C	14	B	24	B	34	D	44	C
5	C	15	D	25	C	35	C	45	B
6	A	16	C	26	B	36	B	46	B
7	B	17	A	27	B	37	C	47	A
8	C	18	C	28	C	38	C	48	A
9	C	19	D	29	D	39	B	49	B
10	D	20	A	30	C	40	C	50	B

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

Detailed Explanations

1. C

Pressure = force / area
P = 120 / 0.030
P = 4000 Pa
The main trap is dividing area by force.

2. C

Weight = mg = 2.0 × 10 = 20 N
Area = 25 cm² = 25 × 10⁻⁴ m² = 0.0025 m²
Pressure = 20 / 0.0025
Pressure = 8000 Pa

3. A

Greatest pressure comes from the smallest contact area.
Areas:
- 0.10 × 0.20 = 0.020 m²
- 0.10 × 0.30 = 0.030 m²
- 0.20 × 0.30 = 0.060 m²
Greatest pressure = 48 / 0.020
Pressure = 2400 Pa

4. C

Pressure = force / area
If force doubles and area doubles:
- new pressure = 2F / 2A = F / A
Pressure stays the same.

5. C

Both tiles are identical, so their weights/forces are the same.
Tile Y stands on a smaller area.
Pressure = force / area.
Smaller area gives greater pressure.
So pressure is greater for Y.

6. A

The nail transmits approximately the same force.
The nail point has a much smaller area than the nail head.
Pressure = force / area.
Same force but smaller area means greater pressure at the nail point.

7. B

Liquid pressure = ρgh
P = 1000 × 10 × 0.75
P = 7500 Pa

8. C

Increase in depth = 1.20 − 0.50 = 0.70 m
Increase in pressure = ρgΔh
ΔP = 1000 × 10 × 0.70
ΔP = 7000 Pa

9. C

P = ρgh
ρ = P / gh
ρ = 2400 / (10 × 0.30)
ρ = 2400 / 3
ρ = 800 kg/m³

10. D

Pressure depends on ρh because g is the same.
A: 800 × 1.8 = 1440
B: 1000 × 1.5 = 1500
C: 1200 × 1.2 = 1440
D: 600 × 3.0 = 1800
Greatest value is D.

11. C

Pressure in a liquid depends on:
- density
- gravitational field strength
- vertical depth
It does not depend on the shape or total volume of the container.
Same liquid and same depth means same base pressure.

12. C

In the same liquid at rest, pressure at the same vertical depth is the same.
Side of the tank does not matter.
Distance from wall does not matter.

13. C

Same liquid and same depth.
Pressure = ρgh.
Base area affects force, not pressure.
Pressure at the base is the same in both containers.

14. B

Pressure at base = ρgh
P = 1000 × 10 × 0.40
P = 4000 Pa
Force = pressure × area
F = 4000 × 0.030
F = 120 N

15. D

Pressure due to water:
- P = ρgh
- P = 1000 × 10 × 2.0 = 20 000 Pa = 20 kPa
Total pressure = atmospheric pressure + water pressure
Total pressure = 100 kPa + 20 kPa
Total pressure = 120 kPa

16. C

Atmospheric pressure = ρgh
P = 13 600 × 10 × 0.760
P = 103 360 Pa
P ≈ 1.03 × 10⁵ Pa

17. A

At the top of a mountain, atmospheric pressure is lower.
A lower atmospheric pressure supports a shorter mercury column.
Therefore the height of the mercury column decreases.

18. C

Pressure difference = ρgh
h = 12 cm = 0.12 m
ΔP = 1000 × 10 × 0.12
ΔP = 1200 Pa
Gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Gas pressure = 100 000 + 1200
Gas pressure = 101 200 Pa

19. D

Pressure applied to small piston:
- P = F / A
- P = 50 / 0.0050
- P = 10 000 Pa
Same pressure acts at large piston.
Force at large piston:
- F = PA
- F = 10 000 × 0.20
- F = 2000 N

20. A

In hydraulics, volume moved is conserved.
Small piston volume = large piston volume.
A small × 0.20 = 4A small × distance
distance = 0.20 / 4
distance = 0.050 m

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

21. C

In a connected liquid at rest, points at the same horizontal level have the same pressure.
Tube width does not change pressure at the same depth.
This is the connected-vessels rule.

22. C

Pressure due to sea water = ρgh
P = 1030 × 10 × 50
P = 515 000 Pa
P = 5.15 × 10⁵ Pa

23. B

Steam inside the can condenses when cooled.
Pressure inside decreases.
Atmospheric pressure outside becomes greater than pressure inside.
The can collapses due to the external pressure.

24. B

Elephant:
- total area = 4 × 0.050 = 0.20 m²
- pressure = 40 000 / 0.20 = 200 000 Pa
Person:
- total area = 2 × 1.0 cm² = 2.0 cm² = 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ m²
- pressure = 600 / 2.0 × 10⁻⁴
- pressure = 3 000 000 Pa
The person exerts greater pressure. High heels are pressure weapons, basically.

25. C

Snowshoes increase the contact area.
Pressure = force / area.
Same weight over larger area gives smaller pressure.
This helps the person avoid sinking into snow.

26. B

Minimum pressure occurs on the largest face.
Largest face = 3.0 cm × 6.0 cm = 18 cm²
Area = 18 × 10⁻⁴ = 0.0018 m²
Pressure = 12 / 0.0018
Pressure = 6667 Pa
Closest answer = 6700 Pa

27. B

Area = 40 cm² = 40 × 10⁻⁴ = 0.0040 m²
Force = pressure × area
F = 5000 × 0.0040
F = 20 N
Weight = mg
m = W / g = 20 / 10
m = 2.0 kg

28. C

Pressure in X:
- P = ρgh
Pressure in Y:
- P = (ρ/2) × g × 2h
- P = ρgh
The pressures are the same.

29. D

Same pressure:
- ρmercuryghmercury = ρwaterghwater
g cancels.
hwater = ρmercury × hmercury / ρwater
hwater = 13 600 × 0.760 / 1000
hwater = 10.3 m

30. C

Increase in depth = 50 − 20 = 30 m
Increase in pressure:
- ΔP = ρgΔh
- ΔP = 1000 × 10 × 30
- ΔP = 300 000 Pa
Increase in force:
- F = PA
- F = 300 000 × 0.20
- F = 60 000 N

31. D

Area = 2.0 mm²
1 mm² = 10⁻⁶ m²
Area = 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ m²
Pressure = force / area
P = 5.0 / 2.0 × 10⁻⁶
P = 2.5 × 10⁶ Pa

32. C

Same pressure:
- ρwaterghwater = ρoilghoil
g cancels.
1000 × 0.40 = 800 × hoil
hoil = 400 / 800
hoil = 0.50 m

33. B

Liquid pressure increases with depth.
The bottom of the dam experiences the greatest water pressure.
So the wall must be thicker at the bottom.

34. D

Statement 1 is correct:
- pressure increases with depth.
Statement 2 is correct:
- pressure at the same depth acts equally in all directions in a liquid at rest.
Statement 3 is correct:
- pressure depends on density.
Answer = 1, 2 and 3

35. C

Pressure = weight / area.
Maximum pressure occurs on smallest area.
Minimum pressure occurs on largest area.
Smallest face = 5 × 10 = 50 cm²
Largest face = 10 × 20 = 200 cm²
Ratio maximum pressure : minimum pressure = 200 : 50
Ratio = 4 : 1

36. B

Pressure difference = 25 kPa = 25 000 Pa
Area = 4.0 cm² = 4.0 × 10⁻⁴ m²
Force = pressure × area
F = 25 000 × 4.0 × 10⁻⁴
F = 10 N

37. C

In a sealed container of fixed volume, increasing temperature increases particle speed.
Particles collide with the walls more often and with greater force.
Pressure increases.
So the correct change is increasing temperature at constant volume.

38. C

Area is proportional to radius².
Radius ratio = 10.0 / 2.0 = 5
Area ratio = 5² = 25
Force on large piston = 100 × 25
Force = 2500 N

39. B

P = ρgh
h = P / ρg
h = 18 000 / (1200 × 10)
h = 18 000 / 12 000
h = 1.5 m

40. C

Pressure is the same at both pistons.
Force = pressure × area.
Piston Y has area 0.060 m².
Piston X has area 0.015 m².
Area ratio = 0.060 / 0.015 = 4
Force on Y is four times force on X.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41. C

Volume of cube = 0.20³ = 0.0080 m³
Mass = density × volume
Mass = 800 × 0.0080 = 6.4 kg
Weight = mg = 6.4 × 10 = 64 N
Contact area = 0.20 × 0.20 = 0.040 m²
Pressure = 64 / 0.040
Pressure = 1600 Pa

42. B

Weight of liquid = mg
Weight = 3.0 × 10 = 30 N
Pressure = force / area
Pressure = 30 / 0.012
Pressure = 2500 Pa

43. C

Depth of water = volume / base area
h = 0.030 / 0.020
h = 1.5 m
Pressure = ρgh
P = 1000 × 10 × 1.5
P = 15 000 Pa

44. C

Connected tubes containing the same liquid and open to the atmosphere settle at the same level.
If levels were different, pressure at the same horizontal level would differ, causing flow.
So levels become the same.

45. B

At equilibrium, pressures from the columns are equal.
ρwaterghwater = ρoilghoil
g cancels.
1000 × 12 = ρoil × 15
ρoil = 12 000 / 15
ρoil = 800 kg/m³

46. B

P = ρgh
P = 1000 × 10 × 0.25
P = 2500 Pa

47. A

Liquid pressure is directly proportional to depth.
New depth = 2.0 m
Original depth = 5.0 m
New pressure / original pressure = 2.0 / 5.0
Pressure becomes 2/5 of its original value

48. A

Original pressure = P = W / A
New area = 4A
New pressure = W / 4A
New pressure = P/4

49. B

In an ideal barometer, mercury column height depends on atmospheric pressure, density of mercury and g.
It does not depend on tube diameter.
So the height remains unchanged.

50. B

Weight of car = mg
W = 1200 × 10 = 12 000 N
Each tyre supports:
- 12 000 / 4 = 3000 N
Pressure = 220 kPa = 220 000 Pa
Area = force / pressure
Area = 3000 / 220 000
Area = 0.0136 m²
Closest answer = 0.014 m²

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total Personal A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

Common Traps From This Chapter

Trap	Correct Rule
Pressure formula	pressure = force / area
cm² to m²	divide by 10 000
mm² to m²	multiply by 10⁻⁶
Greater pressure	smaller area for same force
Liquid pressure	P = ρgh
Same depth, same liquid	same pressure
Liquid pressure and container shape	shape does not matter
Total pressure underwater	atmospheric pressure + liquid pressure
Barometer pressure	P = ρgh
Higher mountain	lower atmospheric pressure, lower mercury column
Manometer	pressure difference = ρgh
Gas pressure greater than atmosphere	add ρgh
Hydraulic machine	pressure transmitted through liquid
Hydraulic force ratio	force ratio = area ratio
Hydraulic distance ratio	larger piston moves smaller distance
Radius ratio in hydraulics	area ratio = radius ratio²
Dam wall	thicker at bottom due to greater pressure
Snowshoes	larger area, lower pressure
Nail point	small area, large pressure
Gauge pressure in tyre	use force / gauge pressure for contact area
Barometer tube diameter	does not affect height ideally

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