Classification, Dichotomous Keys, Binomial Naming and Adaptations
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An organism is found in damp soil. It has cells with nuclei, cell walls not made of cellulose, and it absorbs nutrients from dead organic matter.
Which group does it most likely belong to?
A bacteria
B fungi
C plants
D animals
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A newly discovered organism has the scientific name Rana viridis.
Which statement is correct?
A Rana is the species and viridis is the genus.
B Rana is the genus and viridis is the species name.
C Rana viridis shows the organism belongs to the kingdom Rana.
D viridis must always be written with a capital letter.
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Four animals have these features.
Animal 1: feathers, constant body temperature
Animal 2: dry scales, lungs, variable body temperature
Animal 3: moist skin, lungs, variable body temperature
Animal 4: hair, mammary glands
Which row correctly identifies animals 1, 2, 3 and 4?
A bird, amphibian, reptile, mammal
B bird, reptile, amphibian, mammal
C mammal, reptile, amphibian, bird
D bird, reptile, fish, mammal
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A student uses the following key.
1a Has jointed legs → go to 2
1b Does not have jointed legs → organism P
2a Has six legs → organism Q
2b Has more than six legs → go to 3
3a Has eight legs → organism R
3b Has more than eight legs → organism S
An organism has a segmented body, jointed legs and four pairs of legs.
Which organism is it?
A P
B Q
C R
D S
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Which feature is used to classify an animal as an arthropod?
A backbone
B jointed legs
C moist skin
D feathers
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Which pair of organisms is most likely to belong to the same species?
A two organisms that look similar but cannot produce fertile offspring
B two organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
C two organisms that live in the same habitat and eat the same food
D two organisms that have the same common name in different countries
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Which organism is correctly matched with its group?
A yeast: bacterium
B mushroom: fungus
C virus: prokaryote
D fern: flowering plant
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A plant has vascular tissue and reproduces using spores instead of seeds.
Which group does it belong to?
A mosses
B ferns
C flowering plants
D fungi
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Which feature is found in insects but not in arachnids?
A jointed legs
B segmented body
C three pairs of legs
D exoskeleton
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Which statement correctly compares bacteria and viruses?
A Both contain ribosomes.
B Both have cytoplasm.
C Viruses can only reproduce inside living cells.
D Bacteria are always smaller than viruses.
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An organism has these features.
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made of one cell
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no nucleus
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circular DNA
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cell wall
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ribosomes
Which group does it belong to?
A bacteria
B fungi
C protoctists
D viruses
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Which row correctly shows the classification sequence from largest group to smallest group?
A species → genus → family → order → class → phylum → kingdom
B kingdom → phylum → class → order → family → genus → species
C kingdom → class → phylum → family → order → species → genus
D genus → species → kingdom → phylum → class → order → family
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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Four organisms have these names.
1 Panthera leo
2 Panthera pardus
3 Canis lupus
4 Canis familiaris
Which organisms are in the same genus?
A 1 and 2 only
B 3 and 4 only
C 1 and 2, and 3 and 4
D 1 and 3, and 2 and 4
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A student claims that all organisms with wings are birds.
Which observation disproves this claim most directly?
A Some birds cannot fly.
B Some insects have wings.
C Birds have feathers.
D Birds lay eggs.
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Which feature is a behavioural adaptation?
A thick waxy cuticle in a desert plant
B migration of birds during winter
C large ears in desert mammals
D long roots in xerophytes
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Which feature is a structural adaptation of a cactus for survival in dry conditions?
A stomata open more during the day
B leaves reduced to spines
C photosynthesis stops permanently
D roots actively transport oxygen into soil
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A fish is adapted for life in water.
Which feature is least directly involved in aquatic movement?
A streamlined body
B fins
C scales
D gills
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Which animal is classified as a mammal?
A organism with feathers and wings
B organism with dry scales and eggs with leathery shells
C organism with hair and mammary glands
D organism with moist skin and external fertilisation
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Which feature best separates reptiles from amphibians?
A reptiles are vertebrates; amphibians are invertebrates
B reptiles have dry scaly skin; amphibians have moist skin
C reptiles have lungs; amphibians never have lungs
D reptiles lay eggs; amphibians never lay eggs
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Which group has members with two pairs of wings, three pairs of legs and one pair of antennae?
A arachnids
B crustaceans
C insects
D myriapods
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A dichotomous key is useful because it
A shows evolutionary relationships using DNA sequences only
B identifies organisms by giving paired contrasting choices
C proves two organisms are the same species
D lists organisms from smallest to largest
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A plant has flowers, seeds enclosed in fruits, roots, stems and leaves.
Which group does it belong to?
A ferns
B mosses
C flowering plants
D fungi
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Which pair of features is typical of crustaceans?
A three pairs of legs and one pair of antennae
B four pairs of legs and no antennae
C many body segments and one pair of legs per segment
D two pairs of antennae and a hard exoskeleton
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A spider is placed in the arthropod group because it has jointed legs.
Which feature places it specifically in arachnids?
A six legs
B eight legs
C two pairs of antennae
D wings
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Which statement about adaptation is correct?
A Adaptations always appear because an organism tries to survive.
B Adaptations are inherited features that increase chances of survival and reproduction.
C Adaptations are only physical structures.
D Adaptations are always useful in every environment.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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An animal has a backbone, lays eggs in water, has gills when young and lungs as an adult.
Which group does it belong to?
A fish
B amphibians
C reptiles
D mammals
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Which organism is not made of cells?
A bacterium
B yeast
C virus
D amoeba
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Which name is written correctly using the binomial system?
A homo sapiens
B Homo Sapiens
C Homo sapiens
D homo Sapiens
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Which feature is most useful for distinguishing flowering plants from ferns?
A presence of chlorophyll
B presence of vascular tissue
C production of seeds
D presence of roots
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A key contains this step:
3a Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen → X
3b Body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen → Y
Which organisms are most likely X and Y?
A X insect, Y arachnid
B X arachnid, Y insect
C X crustacean, Y mammal
D X myriapod, Y bird
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Which feature is shared by all vertebrates?
A lungs
B backbone
C constant body temperature
D four limbs
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An animal has a segmented body, many legs, one pair of legs on each visible segment and one pair of antennae.
Which arthropod group is it most likely to belong to?
A insect
B arachnid
C crustacean
D myriapod
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Which feature is most likely to be an adaptation for reducing water loss in a plant?
A large thin leaves with many stomata on the upper surface
B thick waxy cuticle and sunken stomata
C shallow roots only near the soil surface
D broad leaves with no cuticle
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Two organisms belong to the same family but different genera.
Which statement must be correct?
A They are in the same species.
B They are in the same order.
C They cannot belong to the same class.
D They must be able to produce fertile offspring.
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Which statement about common names is a reason for using scientific names?
A Common names always show evolutionary relationships.
B Common names are always longer than scientific names.
C The same common name may refer to different organisms in different places.
D Common names are written in Latin.
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Which feature would be most useful for classifying an unknown vertebrate as a bird rather than a mammal?
A has lungs
B has a backbone
C has feathers
D has a heart
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Which group contains organisms that are usually unicellular but have a nucleus?
A bacteria
B protoctists
C viruses
D mammals
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A desert fox has large ears with many blood vessels close to the surface.
What is the main advantage of this adaptation?
A increases heat loss
B reduces water loss by osmosis
C increases photosynthesis
D allows active transport of oxygen
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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A student identifies an organism as a plant because it has a cell wall.
Why is this reasoning weak?
A animal cells also have cell walls
B fungi and bacteria can also have cell walls
C plants do not have cell walls
D viruses have cellulose cell walls
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Which statement best explains why a camel’s hump is an adaptation?
A It stores water directly for drinking later.
B It stores fat that can be used in respiration.
C It produces sweat to cool the camel.
D It increases surface area for heat loss.
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Which group of organisms contains chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls?
A animals
B fungi
C plants
D bacteria
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Which statement correctly compares reptiles and birds?
A Both have feathers.
B Both are vertebrates and lay eggs.
C Both maintain body temperature using the environment only.
D Both have moist skin.
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Which feature is most useful for distinguishing bacteria from protoctists?
A bacteria are microscopic
B bacteria have a cell membrane
C bacteria lack a nucleus
D bacteria contain cytoplasm
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In a dichotomous key, which question is least useful?
A Does the organism have wings?
B Does the organism have six legs?
C Is the organism frightening?
D Does the organism have antennae?
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Which organism is most likely to be a fungus?
A multicellular organism with hyphae, nuclei and no chlorophyll
B unicellular organism with no nucleus and circular DNA
C multicellular organism with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
D non-cellular particle with genetic material in a protein coat
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A student groups bats with birds because both fly.
Which feature should be used instead to classify bats as mammals?
A wings
B warm blood
C mammary glands
D ability to move
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Which adaptation would be most useful to a plant living submerged in freshwater?
A very thick waxy cuticle
B large air spaces in tissues
C spines instead of leaves
D sunken stomata
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Which row correctly matches group and feature?
A insects: eight legs
B arachnids: three body parts
C myriapods: many legs
D crustaceans: no antennae
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An organism is classified as Oryctolagus cuniculus.
Which statement is correct?
A Oryctolagus is the genus.
B cuniculus is the genus.
C Oryctolagus is the family.
D cuniculus must be written first in the name.
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Which feature would be most useful to separate mammals from all other vertebrate groups?
A lungs
B backbone
C internal fertilisation
D mammary glands
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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Answer: B
A is wrong because bacteria do not have nuclei and do not absorb nutrients using fungal hyphae.
B is correct because fungi have nuclei, cell walls not made of cellulose, and absorb nutrients from dead organic matter.
C is wrong because plants usually have cellulose cell walls and make food by photosynthesis.
D is wrong because animals do not have cell walls. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because the first name is the genus, not the species.
B is correct because Rana is the genus and viridis is the species name.
C is wrong because Rana is not a kingdom.
D is wrong because the species name starts with a small letter. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because animal 2 has dry scales, so it is a reptile, not an amphibian.
B is correct: feathers = bird, dry scales = reptile, moist skin = amphibian, mammary glands = mammal.
C is wrong because feathers are not a mammal feature.
D is wrong because animal 3 has moist skin and lungs, so it is amphibian, not fish. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because P has no jointed legs.
B is wrong because Q has six legs.
C is correct because four pairs of legs means eight legs, so it follows 3a to organism R.
D is wrong because S has more than eight legs. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because arthropods do not have backbones.
B is correct because jointed legs are a key arthropod feature.
C is wrong because moist skin is typical of amphibians.
D is wrong because feathers are typical of birds. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because fertile offspring are required for the same species.
B is correct because organisms of the same species can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
C is wrong because habitat and diet alone do not prove same species.
D is wrong because common names can be misleading. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because yeast is a fungus, not a bacterium.
B is correct because mushrooms are fungi.
C is wrong because viruses are not prokaryotic cells.
D is wrong because ferns are non-flowering plants. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because mosses do not have true vascular tissue.
B is correct because ferns have vascular tissue and reproduce by spores.
C is wrong because flowering plants reproduce using seeds.
D is wrong because fungi are not plants and do not have vascular tissue. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because arachnids also have jointed legs.
B is wrong because arachnids also have segmented bodies.
C is correct because insects have three pairs of legs, while arachnids have four pairs.
D is wrong because both insects and arachnids have exoskeletons. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because viruses do not contain ribosomes.
B is wrong because viruses do not have cytoplasm.
C is correct because viruses can reproduce only inside living cells.
D is wrong because viruses are usually smaller than bacteria. -
Answer: A
A is correct because bacteria are unicellular, have no nucleus, contain circular DNA, cell walls and ribosomes.
B is wrong because fungi have nuclei.
C is wrong because protoctists usually have nuclei.
D is wrong because viruses are not cells and do not have ribosomes or cytoplasm. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because it starts from the smallest group.
B is correct: kingdom → phylum → class → order → family → genus → species.
C is wrong because class and phylum are in the wrong order, and species/genus are reversed.
D is completely scrambled, classic exam trap nonsense.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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Answer: C
A is incomplete because Panthera leo and Panthera pardus are in the same genus, but not the only pair.
B is incomplete because Canis lupus and Canis familiaris are also in the same genus.
C is correct because 1 and 2 share Panthera, while 3 and 4 share Canis.
D is wrong because Panthera and Canis are different genera. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because flightless birds do not disprove that winged organisms are birds.
B is correct because insects can have wings but are not birds.
C is wrong because it supports bird classification rather than disproving the claim.
D is wrong because laying eggs is shared by several groups. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because a waxy cuticle is structural.
B is correct because migration is an action/behaviour that helps survival.
C is wrong because large ears are structural.
D is wrong because long roots are structural. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because opening stomata more in the day would increase water loss.
B is correct because spines reduce surface area and reduce water loss.
C is wrong because photosynthesis cannot stop permanently if the plant is alive.
D is wrong because roots do not transport oxygen into soil as a cactus adaptation. -
Answer: D
A is wrong because a streamlined body directly helps movement by reducing resistance.
B is wrong because fins directly help swimming and steering.
C is wrong because scales reduce friction and protect the body.
D is correct because gills are for gas exchange, not movement. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because feathers and wings indicate a bird.
B is wrong because dry scales and leathery eggs indicate a reptile.
C is correct because hair and mammary glands identify mammals.
D is wrong because moist skin and external fertilisation suggest amphibians. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because both reptiles and amphibians are vertebrates.
B is correct because reptiles have dry scaly skin, while amphibians have moist skin.
C is wrong because adult amphibians can have lungs.
D is wrong because amphibians do lay eggs. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because arachnids have eight legs and no antennae.
B is wrong because crustaceans usually have more than six legs and two pairs of antennae.
C is correct because insects have three pairs of legs, antennae, and may have two pairs of wings.
D is wrong because myriapods have many legs and many segments. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because dichotomous keys are not only DNA-based evolutionary diagrams.
B is correct because a dichotomous key identifies organisms using paired contrasting choices.
C is wrong because a key does not prove same species.
D is wrong because it does not list organisms by size. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because ferns reproduce using spores and do not have flowers/fruits.
B is wrong because mosses do not have flowers, fruits or true vascular structures like flowering plants.
C is correct because flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits are features of flowering plants.
D is wrong because fungi do not have flowers, fruits, roots, stems and leaves. -
Answer: D
A is wrong because three pairs of legs and one pair of antennae describe insects.
B is wrong because four pairs of legs and no antennae describe arachnids.
C is wrong because many body segments with legs describe myriapods.
D is correct because crustaceans usually have two pairs of antennae and a hard exoskeleton. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because six legs are found in insects.
B is correct because arachnids have eight legs.
C is wrong because two pairs of antennae are typical of crustaceans.
D is wrong because wings are not an arachnid feature. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because organisms do not “try” to evolve adaptations.
B is correct because adaptations are inherited features that improve survival and reproduction.
C is wrong because adaptations may be structural, behavioural or physiological.
D is wrong because an adaptation useful in one environment may be useless or harmful in another.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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Answer: B
A is wrong because fish usually have gills throughout life and do not develop lungs as adults.
B is correct because amphibians often have gills when young and lungs as adults.
C is wrong because reptiles have dry scaly skin and do not have a larval gill stage like amphibians.
D is wrong because mammals do not lay eggs in water and have mammary glands. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because bacteria are cells.
B is wrong because yeast is a unicellular fungus.
C is correct because viruses are not made of cells.
D is wrong because amoeba is a unicellular protoctist. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because the genus name must start with a capital letter.
B is wrong because the species name should not start with a capital letter.
C is correct because Homo sapiens follows binomial rules.
D is wrong because the genus is lowercase and species is uppercase, both wrong. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because both ferns and flowering plants have chlorophyll.
B is wrong because both ferns and flowering plants have vascular tissue.
C is correct because flowering plants produce seeds, while ferns produce spores.
D is wrong because both can have roots. -
Answer: A
A is correct because insects have head, thorax and abdomen, while arachnids have cephalothorax and abdomen.
B is wrong because it reverses the groups.
C is wrong because mammals are not classified using cephalothorax/abdomen.
D is wrong because birds and myriapods do not match these body divisions. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because not all vertebrates have lungs throughout life.
B is correct because all vertebrates have a backbone.
C is wrong because only birds and mammals maintain constant body temperature.
D is wrong because not all vertebrates have four limbs. -
Answer: D
A is wrong because insects have three pairs of legs and three body parts.
B is wrong because arachnids have four pairs of legs.
C is wrong because crustaceans usually have two pairs of antennae and a different body plan.
D is correct because myriapods have many segments and many legs. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because large thin leaves and many stomata increase water loss.
B is correct because a thick waxy cuticle and sunken stomata reduce water loss.
C is wrong because shallow roots alone are not the best adaptation for reducing water loss.
D is wrong because broad leaves with no cuticle would lose water quickly. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because organisms in the same family can be in different genera and different species.
B is correct because family is below order, so organisms in the same family must also be in the same order.
C is wrong because same family means same order and same class too.
D is wrong because fertile offspring only proves same species. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because common names do not reliably show evolutionary relationships.
B is wrong because common names are not always longer.
C is correct because the same common name can refer to different organisms in different places.
D is wrong because scientific names, not common names, are usually Latin-based. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because mammals also have lungs.
B is wrong because mammals also have backbones.
C is correct because feathers are unique to birds among vertebrates.
D is wrong because mammals also have hearts. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because bacteria are unicellular but lack a nucleus.
B is correct because protoctists are usually unicellular and have nuclei.
C is wrong because viruses are not cells and do not have nuclei.
D is wrong because mammals are multicellular animals. -
Answer: A
A is correct because large ears with many surface blood vessels increase heat loss.
B is wrong because ears are not mainly for reducing water loss by osmosis.
C is wrong because animals do not photosynthesise.
D is wrong because ears do not actively transport oxygen.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
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Answer: B
A is wrong because animal cells do not have cell walls.
B is correct because fungi and bacteria can also have cell walls, so cell wall alone does not prove plant.
C is wrong because plants do have cell walls.
D is wrong because viruses do not have cellulose cell walls. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because a camel’s hump does not store water directly.
B is correct because the hump stores fat, which can be used in respiration.
C is wrong because the hump does not produce sweat.
D is wrong because the hump is not mainly for increasing surface area for heat loss. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because animals do not have chloroplasts or cellulose cell walls.
B is wrong because fungi do not have chloroplasts and their cell walls are not cellulose.
C is correct because plants contain chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls.
D is wrong because bacteria do not have chloroplasts or cellulose cell walls. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because reptiles do not have feathers.
B is correct because both reptiles and birds are vertebrates and lay eggs.
C is wrong because birds maintain a constant body temperature.
D is wrong because neither group has moist amphibian-style skin. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because both bacteria and many protoctists are microscopic.
B is wrong because both bacteria and protoctists have cell membranes.
C is correct because bacteria lack a nucleus, while protoctists have a nucleus.
D is wrong because both bacteria and protoctists contain cytoplasm. -
Answer: C
A is useful because wings can separate groups.
B is useful because leg number helps classify arthropods.
C is correct because “frightening” is subjective and not a biological feature.
D is useful because antennae are classification features. -
Answer: A
A is correct because fungi can be multicellular, have hyphae, nuclei and no chlorophyll.
B is wrong because that describes bacteria.
C is wrong because that describes a plant.
D is wrong because that describes a virus. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because wings occur in birds, bats and insects, so they are not enough.
B is wrong because birds are also warm-blooded.
C is correct because mammary glands are a mammal feature.
D is wrong because many organisms can move. -
Answer: B
A is wrong because submerged plants do not need a very thick waxy cuticle to reduce water loss.
B is correct because large air spaces help buoyancy and gas movement in aquatic plants.
C is wrong because spines are desert adaptations.
D is wrong because sunken stomata are desert adaptations. -
Answer: C
A is wrong because insects have six legs, not eight.
B is wrong because arachnids usually have two main body sections, not three.
C is correct because myriapods have many legs.
D is wrong because crustaceans have antennae, usually two pairs. -
Answer: A
A is correct because Oryctolagus is the genus.
B is wrong because cuniculus is the species name.
C is wrong because the first word in binomial naming is the genus, not family.
D is wrong because the genus must be written first. -
Answer: D
A is wrong because many vertebrates have lungs.
B is wrong because all vertebrates have backbones.
C is wrong because internal fertilisation is not unique to mammals.
D is correct because mammary glands distinguish mammals from other vertebrate groups.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.