Classification: Features Of Organisms
2.2 Features Of Organisms
Five Kingdoms
| Kingdom | Main Features | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Animals | Multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophic, nervous system | Humans, insects |
| Plants | Multicellular, cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts, autotrophic | Trees, grasses |
| Fungi | Cell wall (chitin), no chlorophyll, feed by saprotrophic nutrition | Mushrooms, yeast |
| Prokaryotes | Unicellular, no nucleus, circular DNA | Bacteria |
| Protoctists | Mostly unicellular, some have chloroplasts | Amoeba, algae |
Animal Kingdom – Subgroups
| Group | Features | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Mammals | Hair, mammary glands, warm-blooded, give birth | Humans, cats |
| Birds | Feathers, wings, lay eggs, warm-blooded | Sparrow, eagle |
| Reptiles | Dry scales, cold-blooded, lay leathery eggs | Snake, lizard |
| Amphibians | Moist skin, live in water/land, lay jelly eggs | Frog, salamander |
| Fish | Scales, fins, gills, cold-blooded | Salmon, shark |
Written And Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia, World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions And 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Biology Full Scale Course
Arthropods – Subgroups
| Group | Features | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Myriapods | Segmented body, many legs | Centipede |
| Insects | 3 body parts, 6 legs, wings (usually) | Ant, butterfly |
| Arachnids | 2 body parts, 8 legs | Spider, scorpion |
| Crustaceans | Hard exoskeleton, 2 pairs antennae | Crab, shrimp |
Plant Kingdom – Subgroups
| Group | Features | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Ferns | Have fronds, reproduce by spores | Bracken |
| Flowering plants | Seeds inside fruits, vascular tissues | Rose, maize |
| – Monocotyledons | 1 seed leaf, parallel veins, fibrous roots | Grass, maize |
| – Dicotyledons | 2 seed leaves, net-like veins, tap root | Rose, bean |
Viruses (Not In 5 Kingdoms)
- Not considered true living organisms.
- Features: protein coat, genetic material (DNA or RNA).
- Can only replicate inside living cells.
- Example: HIV, influenza, tobacco mosaic virus.
Written And Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia, World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions And 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Biology Full Scale Course