Paper 4 – Globalisation: Theory And Application: Marxist Theories Of Global Capitalism And Exploitation (Copy)

Marxist Theories Of Global Capitalism And Exploitation (Theory + Direct Application)

Core Marxist View Of Globalisation

• Globalisation is the expansion of capitalism on a global scale
• Driven by the search for:
  • Profit
  • New markets
  • Cheap labour

Key Idea

• Globalisation increases exploitation and inequality between countries

Karl Marx – Expansion Of Capitalism

• Capitalism naturally expands beyond national borders

Key Idea

• Capital seeks new opportunities for profit

Application

• Capitalist countries:
  • Invest in developing countries
  • Exploit resources and labour
• Leads to:
  • Unequal global development
  • Dependency of poorer countries

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change A2 Level Sociology Full Scale Course

Lenin – Imperialism As Highest Stage Of Capitalism

• Capitalism leads to imperialism

Key Idea

• Powerful nations dominate weaker ones economically and politically

Application

• Multinational corporations:
  • Control resources in developing countries
• Developed countries:
  • Extract wealth from poorer nations
• Results in:
  • Global inequality
  • Continued exploitation

Dependency Theory

• Developed by Neo-Marxists

Key Idea

• Developing countries depend on developed countries

Core And Periphery

• Core countries
  • Wealthy, industrialised
• Periphery countries
  • Poor, dependent

Application

• Core countries:
  • Control production and trade
• Periphery countries:
  • Provide raw materials and cheap labour
• Wealth flows from periphery → core

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change A2 Level Sociology Full Scale Course

World Systems Theory – Immanuel Wallerstein

• Global system divided into:
  • Core
  • Semi-periphery
  • Periphery

Key Idea

• Global capitalism creates structured inequality

Application

• Core:
  • High wages, advanced technology
• Periphery:
  • Low wages, labour-intensive production
• Semi-periphery:
  • Intermediate position
• System maintains:
  • Unequal distribution of wealth

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

• Key agents of global capitalism

Key Idea

• MNCs exploit labour and resources globally

Application

• Relocate production to:
  • Low-wage countries
• Workers:
  • Paid low wages
  • Work in poor conditions
• Profits:
  • Returned to developed countries

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change A2 Level Sociology Full Scale Course

Exploitation Of Labour

• Workers in developing countries exploited

Key Idea

• Capitalists maximise profit by minimising costs

Application

• Long working hours
• Low wages
• Poor working conditions
• Limited worker rights

Unequal Exchange

• Trade relationships favour developed countries

Key Idea

• Developing countries receive less value

Application

• Raw materials exported cheaply
• Finished goods imported at higher prices
• Leads to:
  • Economic dependency

Ideological Control In Global Capitalism

• Global institutions promote capitalist ideology

Key Idea

• Inequality is justified and normalised

Application

• Promotion of:
  • Free markets
  • Global competition
• Masks exploitation and maintains system

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change A2 Level Sociology Full Scale Course

Overall Application To Globalisation

• Globalisation driven by:
  • Expansion of capitalism
• Leads to:
  • Exploitation of labour
  • Unequal development
  • Dependency of poorer nations
• Maintains:
  • Global class structure

Evaluation Through Application (Theory-Focused)

• Strong explanation of global inequality
• Highlights exploitation and power imbalance
• However:
  • Some developing countries have experienced growth
  • Overemphasises economic factors
  • Ignores role of culture and politics

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change A2 Level Sociology Full Scale Course