Question Template
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL A LEVEL SOCIOLOGY (9699)
PAPER 4 — COMPLETE PARAGRAPH TEMPLATES FOR 35 MARK ESSAYS
UNIVERSAL TOP BAND PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
PERFECT FORMULA
POINT
→ EXPLAIN
→ SOCIOLOGIST / STUDY
→ ANALYSIS
→ EVALUATION
→ LINK BACK TO QUESTION
UNIVERSAL PARAGRAPH TEMPLATE
TEMPLATE:
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One reason sociologists believe _____ is because _____.
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According to _____, _____.
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This means that _____.
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As a result, _____.
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However, this view can be criticised because _____.
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Alternatively, _____ sociologists argue that _____.
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Therefore, while _____ may be true, it is not always the case that _____.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
TEMPLATE 1 — FOR ARGUMENT PARAGRAPH
USE WHEN:
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Supporting the statement/question.
PERFECT STRUCTURE
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A major reason supporting the view that _____ is _____.
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_____ sociologists argue that _____.
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For example, _____ found that _____.
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This suggests that _____.
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Consequently, _____.
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This is significant because _____.
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However, critics argue that _____.
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Despite this criticism, the argument remains convincing because _____.
EXAMPLE OPENERS
USE:
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“A major reason…”
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“One argument supporting this view…”
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“Functionalists believe…”
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“Marxists argue…”
TEMPLATE 2 — AGAINST ARGUMENT PARAGRAPH
USE WHEN:
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Challenging the statement/question.
PERFECT STRUCTURE
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On the other hand, some sociologists disagree that _____.
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_____ theorists argue that _____ instead.
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According to _____, _____.
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This means that _____.
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As a result, _____.
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Evidence for this can be seen in _____.
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However, this perspective may exaggerate _____ because _____.
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Therefore, the view that _____ is only partly convincing.
EXAMPLE OPENERS
USE:
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“On the other hand…”
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“In contrast…”
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“Postmodernists challenge this by arguing…”
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“Feminists disagree because…”
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
TEMPLATE 3 — MARXIST PARAGRAPH
PERFECT MARXIST STRUCTURE
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Marxists argue that _____ mainly benefits the ruling class.
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According to _____, capitalism creates inequality because _____.
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This means that _____.
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As a result, working-class groups become _____.
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Evidence supporting this comes from _____.
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However, critics argue Marxists are too economically deterministic because _____.
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Therefore, while class inequality remains important, Marxists may oversimplify modern society.
TEMPLATE 4 — FUNCTIONALIST PARAGRAPH
PERFECT FUNCTIONALIST STRUCTURE
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Functionalists argue that _____ helps maintain social order and stability.
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According to _____, society functions effectively when _____.
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This suggests that _____.
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Consequently, social institutions contribute to _____.
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Evidence for this can be seen in _____.
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However, conflict theorists criticise this view because _____.
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Therefore, functionalism may underestimate inequality and conflict.
TEMPLATE 5 — FEMINIST PARAGRAPH
PERFECT FEMINIST STRUCTURE
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Feminists argue that _____ reinforces patriarchy and gender inequality.
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According to _____, women experience _____ because _____.
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This means that _____.
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As a result, women are often disadvantaged through _____.
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Evidence for this can be seen in _____.
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However, post-feminists argue that women today have greater choice and freedom.
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Therefore, feminism highlights important inequalities, although some changes have occurred.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
TEMPLATE 6 — POSTMODERNIST PARAGRAPH
PERFECT POSTMODERNIST STRUCTURE
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Postmodernists argue that society has become increasingly fragmented and diverse.
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According to _____, traditional social structures are weakening because _____.
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This means that individuals now have greater choice regarding _____.
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As a result, identities have become more fluid and personalised.
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Evidence for this can be seen in _____.
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However, Marxists argue inequalities linked to class still strongly shape people’s experiences.
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Therefore, postmodernism may exaggerate the extent of individual freedom.
TEMPLATE 7 — GLOBALISATION PARAGRAPH
PERFECT STRUCTURE
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One impact of globalisation is _____.
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According to _____, globalisation has led to _____.
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This means that countries/societies now _____.
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As a result, _____.
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Evidence supporting this can be seen in _____.
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However, critics argue globalisation also causes _____.
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Therefore, globalisation creates both opportunities and inequalities.
TEMPLATE 8 — MEDIA PARAGRAPH
PERFECT STRUCTURE
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Sociologists argue the media influences _____ through _____.
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According to _____, media organisations _____.
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This means audiences may _____.
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Consequently, media representations shape _____.
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Evidence for this can be seen in _____.
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However, audience theorists argue consumers are not passive because _____.
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Therefore, media influence may be significant but not absolute.
TEMPLATE 9 — RELIGION PARAGRAPH
PERFECT STRUCTURE
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Sociologists disagree about the role of religion in modern society.
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Functionalists such as _____ argue religion creates _____.
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This means religion helps society by _____.
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Consequently, religion contributes to social stability.
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However, Marxists argue religion mainly serves ruling-class interests because _____.
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Therefore, religion may both support social order and reinforce inequality.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.
PERFECT EVALUATION PARAGRAPH TEMPLATE
USE WHEN DIRECTLY EVALUATING
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This argument can be criticised for several reasons.
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Firstly, _____.
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Secondly, evidence from _____ suggests that _____.
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Furthermore, this perspective ignores _____.
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In modern society, _____ may be more important because _____.
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Therefore, the argument is useful but limited.
PERFECT MINI-CONCLUSION TEMPLATE
USE AT END OF BODY PARAGRAPH
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Therefore, this suggests that _____.
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Overall, this argument is convincing because _____.
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Consequently, the evidence partly supports the view that _____.
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Thus, while _____ exists, it is not the only explanation.
BEST SOCIOLOGY CONNECTORS
ANALYSIS:
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This means that…
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As a result…
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Consequently…
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Therefore…
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This leads to…
EVALUATION:
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However…
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On the other hand…
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In contrast…
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Nevertheless…
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This view is limited because…
FINAL GOLDEN RULE
EVERY PARAGRAPH MUST:
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Make a sociological argument
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Include theory
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Include evidence
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Analyse effects
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Evaluate critically
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Link back to question