Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry — Formulae Sheet (Tabular Form)
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Alkane Formula | CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ | — | Saturated hydrocarbons |
| General Alkene Formula | CₙH₂ₙ | — | Contains C=C double bond |
| General Alkyne Formula | CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ | — | Contains C≡C triple bond |
| Alcohol Formula | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH | — | Contains –OH group |
| Carboxylic Acid Formula | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH | — | Contains –COOH group |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molar Mass | M = Σ Aᵣ | g mol⁻¹ | Sum of atomic masses |
| Number of Moles | n = m / M | mol | Core relation |
| Gas Volume (RTP) | V = n × 24 | dm³ | For gaseous hydrocarbons |
| Empirical Formula | Simplest whole number ratio | — | From mole ratios |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combustion (Complete) | Hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O | — | Clean burning |
| Combustion (Incomplete) | Hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO + C + H₂O | — | Limited oxygen |
| Addition Reaction | Alkene + X → saturated product | — | Breaks double bond |
| Substitution Reaction | Alkane + X₂ → halogenoalkane + HX | — | UV light needed |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polymerisation (Addition) | n(monomer) → polymer | — | No by-product |
| Polymerisation (Condensation) | monomers → polymer + small molecule | — | Produces H₂O or HCl |
| Cracking | Large hydrocarbon → smaller molecules | — | Thermal or catalytic |
| Fermentation | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ | — | Anaerobic conditions |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Esterification | Alcohol + acid ⇌ ester + water | — | Reversible reaction |
| Homologous Series | Same functional group, diff by CH₂ | — | Gradual change in properties |
| Isomerism | Same formula, different structure | — | Structural differences |
| Functional Group | Specific group determines reactions | — | e.g. –OH, –COOH |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course