Chemistry of The Environment
Chemistry of the Environment — Formulae Sheet (Tabular Form)
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage Composition of Gas | % = (volume of gas / total volume) × 100 | % | Used for air composition |
| Concentration | C = n / V | mol dm⁻³ | V in dm³ |
| Moles | n = m / M | mol | Standard mole relation |
| Volume of Gas (RTP) | V = n × 24 | dm³ | 1 mol gas = 24 dm³ |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combustion (Complete) | CₓHᵧ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O | — | Produces CO₂ and water |
| Combustion (Incomplete) | CₓHᵧ + O₂ → CO + C + H₂O | — | Produces CO and soot |
| Photosynthesis | 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ | — | Uses light energy |
| Respiration | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O | — | Releases energy |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Cycle | CO₂ ↔ organic compounds | — | Cyclic process |
| Global Warming Gas Effect | CO₂ ↑ → temperature ↑ | — | Greenhouse gases trap heat |
| Acid Rain Formation | SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃ | — | Sulfur dioxide effect |
| Nitrogen Oxides Reaction | NO₂ + H₂O → HNO₃ | — | Forms nitric acid |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ozone Formation | O₂ → 2O; O + O₂ → O₃ | — | UV radiation involved |
| Ozone Depletion | Cl + O₃ → ClO + O₂ | — | CFC effect |
| Water Treatment | Filtration + chlorination | — | Removes impurities |
| Pollution Measurement | Depends on pollutant type | — | No single formula |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course
| Concept | Formula | Units | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recycling Efficiency | % = (recycled / total waste) × 100 | % | Waste management |
| Biodegradability | Breakdown by microorganisms | — | No formula |
| Energy from Fuels | Energy per mole or gram | kJ mol⁻¹ | Compare fuels |
| Sustainable Resources | Use ≤ regeneration rate | — | Long-term balance |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Chemistry Full Scale Course