Group I, Group VII, Group VIII/Noble Gases and Transition Elements

1. Element X is in Group I and Period 4. Element Y is in Group VII and Period 3.

Which statement is correct?

A X forms X– ions and Y forms Y+ ions.
B X reacts with water to form an acidic solution.
C X has one outer-shell electron and Y has seven outer-shell electrons.
D X is less reactive than lithium and Y is more reactive than fluorine.

2. Which row correctly shows the trend down Group I?

	atomic radius	reactivity with water	ease of losing outer electron
A	decreases	decreases	decreases
B	increases	increases	increases
C	increases	decreases	decreases
D	decreases	increases	increases

3. Lithium, sodium and potassium are added separately to water.

Which statement is correct?

A lithium reacts most violently because it has the strongest attraction for water
B potassium reacts most violently because its outer electron is furthest from the nucleus
C sodium reacts least violently because it has the fewest electron shells
D all three react at the same rate because all form 1+ ions

4. Which equation correctly represents the reaction of sodium with water?

A Na + H2O → NaOH + H2
B 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
C Na + 2H2O → NaOH + H2O2
D 2Na + H2O → Na2O + H2

5. A Group I metal reacts with water. The solution produced turns red litmus paper blue.

Which substance is present in the solution?

A metal hydroxide
B metal carbonate
C metal chloride
D metal oxide only

6. Which observation is expected when potassium is added to cold water?

A slow fizzing only, with no flame
B vigorous reaction, hydrogen produced, alkaline solution formed
C no reaction because potassium is protected by oxide layer
D oxygen produced and solution becomes acidic

7. Which statement explains why Group I metals are stored under oil?

A They react with nitrogen in air to form ammonia.
B They react with oxygen and water vapour in air.
C They are gases at room temperature.
D They are insoluble in water and need oil to dissolve.

8. Which property is typical of Group I metals?

A hard, dense metals with high melting points
B soft metals with low densities and low melting points
C brittle non-metals with low boiling points
D coloured metals with variable oxidation states

9. Which Group I compound is most likely to be formed when rubidium reacts with chlorine?

A RbCl
B RbCl2
C Rb2Cl
D Rb2Cl3

10. Which statement about Group I metals is correct?

A They form negative ions by gaining one electron.
B They become less metallic down the group.
C They react with water to produce hydrogen gas.
D Their oxides are acidic.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11. Which row correctly shows the trend down Group VII?

	colour	melting point	reactivity
A	darker	higher	lower
B	paler	lower	higher
C	darker	lower	higher
D	paler	higher	lower

12. Which halogen is a liquid at room temperature?

A fluorine
B chlorine
C bromine
D iodine

13. Which halogen is a grey-black solid at room temperature and forms a purple vapour when heated?

A chlorine
B bromine
C iodine
D fluorine

14. Which statement about chlorine, bromine and iodine is correct?

A chlorine is the least reactive because it has the fewest shells
B iodine is the most reactive because it has the largest atoms
C chlorine is the most reactive because it gains an electron most easily
D bromine is more reactive than chlorine but less reactive than iodine

15. Chlorine water is added to aqueous potassium iodide.

Which observation is expected?

A no reaction
B iodine forms, giving a brown solution
C chlorine forms, giving a green gas
D potassium metal forms

16. Bromine water is added to aqueous potassium chloride.

Which statement is correct?

A bromine displaces chlorine
B chlorine displaces bromine
C no displacement occurs
D potassium bromide precipitates

17. Iodine solution is added to aqueous potassium bromide.

Which statement is correct?

A iodine displaces bromine because iodine is darker
B iodine displaces bromine because iodine is lower in Group VII
C no reaction occurs because iodine is less reactive than bromine
D bromine displaces iodine because bromide ions are oxidised

18. Which equation represents chlorine displacing bromine from potassium bromide solution?

A Cl2 + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br2
B Br2 + 2KCl → 2KBr + Cl2
C Cl + KBr → KCl + Br
D 2Cl– + Br2 → Cl2 + 2Br–

19. In the reaction between chlorine and potassium iodide solution, which species is oxidised?

A Cl2
B Cl–
C I–
D I2

20. Which statement correctly explains halogen displacement?

A More reactive halogens displace less reactive halide ions from solution.
B Less reactive halogens displace more reactive halide ions from solution.
C Halide ions displace metals from their salts.
D Displacement occurs only if both halogens are gases.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

21. Which row correctly gives the colour and state of chlorine at room temperature?

	colour	state
A	greenish-yellow	gas
B	red-brown	liquid
C	grey-black	solid
D	colourless	gas

22. Which row correctly gives the colour and state of bromine at room temperature?

	colour	state
A	greenish-yellow	gas
B	red-brown	liquid
C	grey-black	solid
D	colourless	liquid

23. Which halide ion is most easily oxidised?

A F–
B Cl–
C Br–
D I–

24. Which halogen is the strongest oxidising agent?

A fluorine
B chlorine
C bromine
D iodine

25. A colourless potassium halide solution gives a cream precipitate with acidified silver nitrate.

Which halogen is present in the original salt?

A chlorine
B bromine
C iodine
D fluorine

26. A potassium halide solution gives a yellow precipitate with acidified silver nitrate. Chlorine water is then added to a fresh sample.

Which product is most likely formed?

A iodine
B bromine
C chlorine
D potassium

27. Which pair of reagents could show that bromine is more reactive than iodine?

A bromine water and potassium iodide solution
B iodine solution and potassium bromide solution
C potassium bromide and potassium iodide solutions only
D bromine water and potassium chloride solution

28. Which statement about Group VII elements is correct?

A They form 1+ ions by losing electrons.
B They form 1– ions by gaining electrons.
C They all have one outer-shell electron.
D Their reactivity increases down the group.

29. Why does reactivity decrease down Group VII?

A atoms become smaller and lose electrons less easily
B atoms become larger and gain electrons less easily
C atoms become larger and lose electrons more easily
D atoms become smaller and gain electrons more easily

30. Which statement about fluorine is correct?

A It is less reactive than iodine.
B It is the most reactive halogen.
C It is a grey solid at room temperature.
D It forms F+ ions in ionic compounds.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

31. Which electronic configuration belongs to a noble gas?

A 2,8,1
B 2,8,7
C 2,8,8
D 2,8,8,1

32. Why are noble gases unreactive?

A They have empty outer shells.
B They have full outer electron shells.
C They have no electrons.
D They are all liquids at room temperature.

33. Which noble gas is used in filament lamps because it is unreactive?

A chlorine
B argon
C oxygen
D hydrogen

34. Which noble gas is used in advertising signs and gives a red-orange glow?

A helium
B neon
C argon
D krypton

35. Which statement about noble gases is correct?

A They exist as diatomic molecules.
B They are monatomic gases.
C They react violently with water.
D They form 1– ions easily.

36. Which trend occurs down Group VIII/0?

A boiling point decreases
B density decreases
C boiling point increases
D reactivity increases sharply with water

37. Which noble gas has the lowest boiling point?

A helium
B neon
C argon
D krypton

38. A gas is colourless, monatomic and very unreactive. It has proton number 18.

Which gas is it?

A neon
B argon
C chlorine
D nitrogen

39. Why is helium used in balloons instead of hydrogen?

A helium is more reactive and burns brightly
B helium is unreactive and less flammable
C helium is denser than air
D helium reacts with oxygen to make water

40. Which statement about noble gases is incorrect?

A They have low boiling points.
B They are unreactive under normal conditions.
C Their atoms have full outer shells.
D They commonly form ionic compounds with Group I metals.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41. Which property is typical of transition elements?

A low density and very low melting point
B coloured compounds and variable oxidation states
C full outer shells and no compounds
D very high reactivity with cold water

42. Which pair contains only transition elements?

A sodium and potassium
B magnesium and calcium
C iron and copper
D chlorine and bromine

43. Which element is most likely to form coloured compounds?

A sodium
B magnesium
C copper
D argon

44. Which ion is most likely to form a blue solution?

A Cu2+
B Na+
C Mg2+
D Al3+

45. Which statement about iron is correct?

A It forms only Fe2+ ions.
B It forms only Fe3+ ions.
C It can form Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions.
D It forms Fe– ions in normal salts.

46. Which transition element is commonly used as a catalyst in the Haber process?

A iron
B sodium
C calcium
D argon

47. Which transition metal compound is used as a catalyst in the Contact process?

A iron
B vanadium(V) oxide
C sodium oxide
D calcium carbonate

48. Which statement explains why transition elements are useful as catalysts?

A They have full outer shells like noble gases.
B They can have variable oxidation states and provide alternative reaction pathways.
C They are always gases, so they mix easily with reactants.
D They react explosively with water and release heat.

49. Which row correctly compares Group I metals and transition elements?

	Group I metals	transition elements
A	form coloured compounds	form only white compounds
B	low density, soft	higher density, harder
C	variable oxidation states	only +1 oxidation state
D	used as catalysts commonly	never used as catalysts

50. A metal forms two different chlorides: MCl2 and MCl3. Both compounds are coloured.

Which type of element is M most likely to be?

A Group I metal
B Group VII element
C noble gas
D transition element

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

1. C

A wrong: Group I metals form 1+ ions; Group VII elements form 1– ions.
B wrong: Group I metals react with water to form alkaline solutions.
C right: Group I elements have one outer electron; Group VII elements have seven outer electrons.
D wrong: Potassium is more reactive than lithium; chlorine is less reactive than fluorine.

2. B

A wrong: Atomic radius and reactivity do not decrease down Group I.
B right: Down Group I, atoms get larger, reactivity increases, and the outer electron is lost more easily.
C wrong: Reactivity does not decrease.
D wrong: Atomic radius does not decrease.

3. B

A wrong: Lithium is the least reactive of these three.
B right: Potassium’s outer electron is furthest from the nucleus and most shielded, so it is lost most easily.
C wrong: Lithium has the fewest shells, not sodium.
D wrong: Same group does not mean same rate.

4. B

A wrong: Not balanced.
B right: 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2.
C wrong: Hydrogen peroxide is not formed.
D wrong: Sodium hydroxide forms, not sodium oxide.

5. A

A right: Group I metals form soluble metal hydroxides, which are alkaline.
B wrong: Carbonates are not formed from metal + water.
C wrong: Chlorides need chlorine/chloride ions.
D wrong: The main solution product is hydroxide, not oxide only.

6. B

A wrong: Potassium reacts vigorously, often with a lilac flame.
B right: Potassium reacts vigorously with water, producing hydrogen and an alkaline potassium hydroxide solution.
C wrong: Potassium reacts readily despite surface oxide.
D wrong: Hydrogen, not oxygen, is produced; solution is alkaline, not acidic.

7. B

A wrong: Group I metals do not form ammonia with nitrogen in air.
B right: They are stored under oil to stop reaction with oxygen and water vapour.
C wrong: They are solids at room temperature.
D wrong: Oil prevents air/water contact; it is not for dissolving the metal.

8. B

A wrong: Group I metals are soft and have relatively low melting points.
B right: Group I metals are soft, low-density metals with low melting points compared with many metals.
C wrong: They are metals, not brittle non-metals.
D wrong: Coloured compounds and variable oxidation states are transition element features.

9. A

A right: Rubidium forms Rb+ and chlorine forms Cl–, giving RbCl.
B wrong: RbCl2 would require Rb2+.
C wrong: Rb2Cl gives unbalanced charges.
D wrong: Incorrect ratio.

10. C

A wrong: Group I metals lose one electron to form positive ions.
B wrong: They become more metallic down the group.
C right: They react with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide.
D wrong: Their oxides are basic.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

11. A

A right: Down Group VII, halogens become darker, melting points increase, and reactivity decreases.
B wrong: Colours do not become paler and melting points do not decrease.
C wrong: Reactivity does not increase down the group.
D wrong: Colours do not become paler.

12. C

A wrong: Fluorine is a gas.
B wrong: Chlorine is a gas.
C right: Bromine is a liquid at room temperature.
D wrong: Iodine is a solid.

13. C

A wrong: Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas.
B wrong: Bromine is a red-brown liquid.
C right: Iodine is a grey-black solid and forms purple vapour when heated.
D wrong: Fluorine is a gas.

14. C

A wrong: Chlorine is more reactive than bromine and iodine.
B wrong: Iodine is less reactive because it gains an electron less easily.
C right: Chlorine is more reactive because it gains an electron more easily.
D wrong: Bromine is less reactive than chlorine but more reactive than iodine.

15. B

A wrong: Chlorine is more reactive than iodine, so reaction occurs.
B right: Chlorine displaces iodine from iodide ions, producing brown iodine solution.
C wrong: Chlorine is the reactant, not the product.
D wrong: Potassium ions are spectators.

16. C

A wrong: Bromine cannot displace chlorine because bromine is less reactive.
B wrong: Chlorine is not added.
C right: No displacement occurs.
D wrong: Potassium bromide remains soluble.

17. C

A wrong: Colour does not determine displacement.
B wrong: Being lower in Group VII means iodine is less reactive.
C right: Iodine is less reactive than bromine, so it cannot displace bromide ions.
D wrong: Bromide ions are not oxidised by iodine.

18. A

A right: Cl2 + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br2.
B wrong: Bromine cannot displace chlorine.
C wrong: Halogens exist as diatomic molecules, and equation is not balanced.
D wrong: This is the reverse ionic reaction.

19. C

A wrong: Chlorine is reduced to chloride ions.
B wrong: Chloride ions are the reduced product.
C right: I– loses electrons to form I2, so iodide is oxidised.
D wrong: I2 is the oxidation product.

20. A

A right: More reactive halogens displace less reactive halide ions from solution.
B wrong: Less reactive halogens cannot displace more reactive halides.
C wrong: Halide ions do not displace metals from salts.
D wrong: Displacement can occur in solution even if halogens are not gases.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

21. A

A right: Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature.
B wrong: Red-brown liquid is bromine.
C wrong: Grey-black solid is iodine.
D wrong: Chlorine is not colourless.

22. B

A wrong: Greenish-yellow gas is chlorine.
B right: Bromine is a red-brown liquid at room temperature.
C wrong: Grey-black solid is iodine.
D wrong: Bromine is not colourless.

23. D

A wrong: Fluoride ions are hardest to oxidise.
B wrong: Chloride ions are less easily oxidised than bromide and iodide.
C wrong: Bromide ions are oxidised more easily than chloride but less easily than iodide.
D right: Iodide ions are most easily oxidised.

24. A

A right: Fluorine is the strongest oxidising agent among halogens.
B wrong: Chlorine is less oxidising than fluorine.
C wrong: Bromine is weaker than chlorine.
D wrong: Iodine is the weakest listed.

25. B

A wrong: Chloride gives a white precipitate with acidified silver nitrate.
B right: Bromide gives a cream precipitate.
C wrong: Iodide gives a yellow precipitate.
D wrong: Fluoride does not give the typical cream silver halide precipitate.

26. A

A right: Yellow precipitate shows iodide; chlorine displaces iodine from iodide solution.
B wrong: Bromine would come from bromide.
C wrong: Chlorine is added, not formed.
D wrong: Potassium ions are not reduced.

27. A

A right: Bromine water displaces iodine from potassium iodide, proving bromine is more reactive than iodine.
B wrong: Iodine cannot displace bromine.
C wrong: Two halide salts alone do not show displacement.
D wrong: Bromine cannot displace chlorine from chloride.

28. B

A wrong: Halogens form negative ions, not 1+ ions.
B right: Group VII elements gain one electron to form 1– ions.
C wrong: They have seven outer electrons.
D wrong: Reactivity decreases down the group.

29. B

A wrong: Atoms become larger down Group VII, not smaller.
B right: Larger atoms have more shielding, so they attract/gain an extra electron less easily.
C wrong: Halogens react by gaining electrons, not losing them.
D wrong: Atoms do not become smaller down the group.

30. B

A wrong: Fluorine is more reactive than iodine.
B right: Fluorine is the most reactive halogen.
C wrong: Iodine is the grey solid; fluorine is a gas.
D wrong: Fluorine forms F– ions, not F+ ions.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

31. C

A wrong: 2,8,1 is Group I.
B wrong: 2,8,7 is Group VII.
C right: 2,8,8 has a full outer shell, so it is a noble gas configuration.
D wrong: 2,8,8,1 is Group I.

32. B

A wrong: Noble gases do not have empty outer shells.
B right: They are unreactive because they have full outer electron shells.
C wrong: They have electrons.
D wrong: They are gases at room temperature, not liquids.

33. B

A wrong: Chlorine is reactive and not a noble gas.
B right: Argon is unreactive and used in filament lamps.
C wrong: Oxygen would react with the hot filament.
D wrong: Hydrogen is flammable.

34. B

A wrong: Helium is used in balloons and some signs but not the classic red-orange glow.
B right: Neon gives a red-orange glow in advertising signs.
C wrong: Argon gives different colours depending on conditions.
D wrong: Krypton is not the standard answer.

35. B

A wrong: Noble gases are monatomic, not diatomic.
B right: They exist as separate single atoms.
C wrong: They do not react violently with water.
D wrong: They do not easily form 1– ions.

36. C

A wrong: Boiling point increases down Group VIII/0.
B wrong: Density increases down the group.
C right: Boiling point increases as atoms become larger and intermolecular forces increase.
D wrong: Noble gases remain very unreactive.

37. A

A right: Helium has the lowest boiling point.
B wrong: Neon has a higher boiling point than helium.
C wrong: Argon is higher still.
D wrong: Krypton has a higher boiling point than argon.

38. B

A wrong: Neon has proton number 10.
B right: Argon has proton number 18 and is a colourless, monatomic, unreactive gas.
C wrong: Chlorine has proton number 17 and is reactive.
D wrong: Nitrogen has proton number 7 and is diatomic.

39. B

A wrong: Helium is unreactive, not more reactive.
B right: Helium is unreactive and non-flammable, so it is safer than hydrogen.
C wrong: Helium is less dense than air.
D wrong: Helium does not react with oxygen to make water.

40. D

A wrong: Noble gases do have low boiling points.
B wrong: They are unreactive under normal conditions.
C wrong: Their atoms have full outer shells.
D right: This is incorrect; noble gases do not commonly form ionic compounds with Group I metals.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.

41. B

A wrong: Transition elements usually have high densities and high melting points.
B right: They commonly form coloured compounds and have variable oxidation states.
C wrong: Full outer shell and no compounds describe noble gases more closely.
D wrong: Very high reactivity with cold water is typical of Group I metals, not transition elements.

42. C

A wrong: Sodium and potassium are Group I metals.
B wrong: Magnesium and calcium are Group II metals.
C right: Iron and copper are transition elements.
D wrong: Chlorine and bromine are Group VII non-metals.

43. C

A wrong: Sodium compounds are usually white or colourless.
B wrong: Magnesium compounds are usually white or colourless.
C right: Copper is a transition element and forms coloured compounds.
D wrong: Argon is a noble gas and usually does not form compounds.

44. A

A right: Cu2+ ions commonly form blue solutions.
B wrong: Sodium ions are colourless in solution.
C wrong: Magnesium ions are colourless in solution.
D wrong: Aluminium ions are colourless in solution.

45. C

A wrong: Iron does not form only Fe2+.
B wrong: Iron does not form only Fe3+.
C right: Iron can form Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, showing variable oxidation states.
D wrong: Fe– ions are not normal in salts.

46. A

A right: Iron is the catalyst in the Haber process.
B wrong: Sodium is not used.
C wrong: Calcium is not used.
D wrong: Argon is a noble gas, not a catalyst here.

47. B

A wrong: Iron is used in the Haber process.
B right: Vanadium(V) oxide is the catalyst in the Contact process.
C wrong: Sodium oxide is not the catalyst.
D wrong: Calcium carbonate is not the catalyst.

48. B

A wrong: Transition elements do not have full outer shells like noble gases.
B right: Variable oxidation states help them provide alternative reaction pathways.
C wrong: They are not gases; they are metals.
D wrong: They do not react explosively with water like Group I metals.

49. B

A wrong: Group I compounds are usually white; transition element compounds are often coloured.
B right: Group I metals are soft and low-density; transition elements are generally harder and denser.
C wrong: Transition elements have variable oxidation states; Group I metals form +1 ions.
D wrong: Transition elements are commonly used as catalysts.

50. D

A wrong: Group I metals usually form only +1 compounds such as MCl.
B wrong: Group VII elements are non-metals, not metals forming MCl2 and MCl3.
C wrong: Noble gases are unreactive and do not usually form coloured chlorides.
D right: Variable chlorides and coloured compounds suggest a transition element.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 11 World Records and 7 Distinctions, Educate A Change.