WHAT IS DIRECTED WRITING?

• You are given material (texts, points, opinions)
• Your job is to:
  • Use it
  • Transform it into a specific format
  • Follow a specific tone and purpose

It is NOT creative freedom — it is controlled adaptation.

CORE RULE (MOST IMPORTANT THING)

Every answer MUST match:

• Task requirements (what the question asks)
• Type of writing (letter, article, speech, email, report, account)
• Tone (formal, semi-formal, objective, informative)

If any one of these is wrong → marks drop immediately.

UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE (FOR MOST TYPES)

1. Start (depends on format)
2. Introduction Paragraph
3. Body Paragraph 1 (One Side / First Set of Points)
4. Body Paragraph 2 (Other Side / Second Set of Points)
5. Analysis / Development Paragraph
6. Conclusion Paragraph
7. Ending (format-specific)

INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH (STANDARD RULE)

Always:

• Sentence 1 → General statement (neutral)
• Sentence 2 → Introduce topic
• Sentence 3 → Link to audience/purpose

Do NOT:

• Start arguing
• Be one-sided
• Be emotional

BODY PARAGRAPHS RULE

• Paragraph 1 → ONE SIDE ONLY
• Paragraph 2 → OTHER SIDE ONLY

VERY IMPORTANT:
Do NOT mix both sides in one paragraph.

USING GIVEN MATERIAL (CRITICAL SKILL)

You must:

• Summarise, not copy
• Rephrase clearly
• Stay relevant

Then:

• Add 1–2 of your own points in each body paragraph

This is what separates average from top answers.

ANALYSIS / DEVELOPMENT PARAGRAPH

For argument/discussion tasks:

• Do NOT say “Text A says…”
• Instead:
  • Generalise the type of people behind views
  • Example:
    • Younger individuals → experience-driven
    • Professionals → logical, long-term

Then:

• Compare
• Evaluate
• Decide which is more reliable

CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH

• 1–2 lines only
• No new ideas
• No full summary
• Match tone and purpose

TONE CONTROL (THIS DECIDES YOUR GRADE)

START & END DIFFERENCES

EXAM STRATEGY

• Identify type + tone immediately
• Follow correct format strictly
• Keep arguments balanced
• Add own points
• Use analysis paragraph smartly
• Keep writing controlled, not emotional

COMMON MISTAKES

• Wrong format
• Wrong tone
• Copying instead of summarising
• Mixing both sides
• Skipping analysis
• Long or weak conclusion