Managing Water-Related Disease (Copy)
4.10 Managing Water-Related Disease – Cheat Sheet
Malaria
| Aspect | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Life Cycle of Parasite | – Plasmodium parasite carried by female Anopheles mosquito.- Mosquito bites infected person → parasite enters mosquito.- Mosquito bites healthy person → parasite enters bloodstream.- Parasite infects liver cells → multiplies → re-enters blood, infecting red blood cells. |
| Control Strategies | – Antimalarial drugs: reduce symptoms (e.g., chloroquine, artemisinin).- Vector control: insecticide sprays, mosquito nets, draining stagnant water.- Eradication programs: large-scale spraying (DDT in mid-20th century). |
Cholera
| Aspect | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Cause | Bacterial infection (Vibrio cholerae) spread through contaminated water/food. |
| Control Strategies | – Safe drinking water: piped, treated, protected supplies.- Boiling & Chlorination: kills bacteria.- Sanitation improvements: sewage treatment, hygiene education.- Rapid response: oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to treat dehydration. |
Case Studies (Examples)
| Case Study | Impact | Management |
|---|---|---|
| Multipurpose Dam – Aswan High Dam (Egypt) | Increased irrigation but stagnant water promoted mosquito breeding → rise in malaria & schistosomiasis. | Health programs + water management schemes. |
| Water Pollution – Ganges River (India) | Domestic sewage + industrial waste → unsafe water, cholera outbreaks. | Government clean-up campaigns, sewage treatment projects, awareness drives. |
Quick Pointers
- Malaria = vector-borne, linked to stagnant water.
- Cholera = water-borne, linked to unsafe drinking water.
- Both require prevention + treatment + education for effective control.
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia, World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level And IGCSE Environmental Management Full Scale Course