- 2 Sections
- 207 Lessons
- Lifetime
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- Translation Lists82
- 1.1Translation: Addition: Simple Addition
- 1.2Translation: Addition: Reinforcement
- 1.3Translation: Addition: Pairing Structures
- 1.4Translation: Sequence And Ordering: Chronological Order
- 1.5Translation: Sequence And Ordering: Procedural Steps
- 1.6Translation: Sequence And Ordering: Prioritization
- 1.7Translation: Time: Past Reference
- 1.8Translation: Time: Present Reference
- 1.9Translation: Time: Future Reference
- 1.10Translation: Time: Duration
- 1.11Translation: Time: Frequency
- 1.12Translation: Time: Immediate And Delayed
- 1.13Translation: Time: Relative Time Markers
- 1.14Translation: Contrast: Direct Contrast
- 1.15Translation: Contrast: Alternative Or Replacement
- 1.16Translation: Contrast: Concessive Contrast
- 1.17Translation: Concession: Partial Concession
- 1.18Translation: Concession: Strong Concession
- 1.19Translation: Cause And Reason: Direct Cause
- 1.20Translation: Cause And Reason: Motivation And Justification
- 1.21Translation: Cause And Reason: Causal Background
- 1.22Translation: Effect And Result: Immediate Result
- 1.23Translation: Effect And Result: Consequence
- 1.24Translation: Effect And Result: Inference And Implication
- 1.25Translation: Purpose: Goal And Intention
- 1.26Translation: Purpose: Benefit Or Aim
- 1.27Translation: Purpose: Purpose With Condition
- 1.28Translation: Condition: Simple Condition
- 1.29Translation: Condition: Negative Condition
- 1.30Translation: Condition: Limiting Condition
- 1.31Translation: Condition: Hypothetical And Counterfactual
- 1.32Translation: Comparison And Similarity: Similarity
- 1.33Translation: Comparison And Similarity: Contrastive Comparison
- 1.34Translation: Comparison And Similarity: Degree Of Similarity
- 1.35Translation: Emphasis: Certainty And Assurance
- 1.36Translation: Emphasis: Focus And Exclusivity
- 1.37Translation: Emphasis: Intensification
- 1.38Translation: Example And Illustration: General To Specific
- 1.39Translation: Example And Illustration: Listing Examples
- 1.40Translation: Example And Illustration: Exemplification Markers
- 1.41Translation: Clarification And Restatement: Definition
- 1.42Translation: Clarification And Restatement: Restatement
- 1.43Translation: Clarification And Restatement: Reformulation
- 1.44Translation: Clarification And Restatement: Specification
- 1.45Translation: Summary And Conclusion: Recap
- 1.46Translation: Summary And Conclusion: Overall Judgement
- 1.47Translation: Summary And Conclusion: Final Conclusion
- 1.48Translation: Transition And Topic Shift: Topic Introduction
- 1.49Translation: Transition And Topic Shift: Topic Shift
- 1.50Translation: Transition And Topic Shift: Return To Topic
- 1.51Translation: Transition And Topic Shift: Framing And Context
- 1.52Translation: Balanced Pairs And Correlatives: Coordinated Pairs
- 1.53Translation: Balanced Pairs And Correlatives: Contrastive Pairs
- 1.54Translation: Balanced Pairs And Correlatives: Conditional Pairs
- 1.55Translation: Reasoned Argument: Premise Markers
- 1.56Translation: Reasoned Argument: Counterargument Markers
- 1.57Translation: Reasoned Argument: Conclusion Markers
- 1.58Translation: Degree And Limitation: Extent And Intensity
- 1.59Translation: Degree And Limitation: Limitation And Restriction
- 1.60Translation: Degree And Limitation: Approximation
- 1.61Translation: Probability And Inference: Possibility
- 1.62Translation: Probability And Inference: Likelihood
- 1.63Translation: Probability And Inference: Near Certainty
- 1.64Translation: Contrast Of Expectation: Unexpected Outcome
- 1.65Translation: Contrast Of Expectation: Partial Compliance
- 1.66Translation: Purposeful Sequence And Instructions: Step Initiators
- 1.67Translation: Purposeful Sequence And Instructions: Continuation Markers
- 1.68Translation: Purposeful Sequence And Instructions: Finalization Markers
- 1.69Translation: Place And Spatial Relations: Proximity
- 1.70Translation: Place And Spatial Relations: Direction
- 1.71Translation: Place And Spatial Relations: Containment
- 1.72Translation: Place And Spatial Relations: Position And Level
- 1.73Translation: Listing And Enumeration: Ordered Lists
- 1.74Translation: Listing And Enumeration: Unordered Lists
- 1.75Translation: Listing And Enumeration: Mixed Lists
- 1.76Translation: Reference And Cohesion: Demonstratives
- 1.77Translation: Reference And Cohesion: Anaphoric Reference
- 1.78Translation: Reference And Cohesion: Cataphoric Reference
- 1.79Translation: Exception: Exclusion
- 1.80Translation: Reference And Cohesion: Comparative Reference
- 1.81Translation: Exception: Replacement
- 1.82Translation: Exception: Exception With Condition
- Vocabulary Lists125
- 2.1Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: Light-Verb Compounds
- 2.2Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: High-Frequency Verbs
- 2.3Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: Causatives And Passives
- 2.4Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: Common Nouns
- 2.5Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: Essential Adjectives
- 2.6Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: Adverbs Of Time And Manner
- 2.7Vocabulary List: Core Vocabulary: Function Words And Particles
- 2.8Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Addition And Reinforcement
- 2.9Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Contrast And Concession
- 2.10Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Cause And Effect
- 2.11Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Purpose And Intention
- 2.12Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Condition And Hypothesis
- 2.13Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Sequence And Ordering
- 2.14Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Clarification And Restatement
- 2.15Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Summary And Conclusion
- 2.16Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Reference And Cohesion
- 2.17Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Daily Routines
- 2.18Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Home And Household
- 2.19Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Family And Relationships
- 2.20Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Food And Cooking
- 2.21Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Clothing And Appearance
- 2.22Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Shopping And Markets
- 2.23Vocabulary List: Everyday Life: Services And Appointments
- 2.24Vocabulary List: Education: School And Classroom
- 2.25Vocabulary List: Education: Study Skills And Exams
- 2.26Vocabulary List: Education: Subjects And Disciplines
- 2.27Vocabulary List: Education: Instructional Verbs
- 2.28Vocabulary List: Education: Academic Feedback And Assessment
- 2.29Vocabulary List: Work And Professions: Occupations And Roles
- 2.30Vocabulary List: Work And Professions: Workplace Actions
- 2.31Vocabulary List: Work And Professions: Office And Administration
- 2.32Vocabulary List: Work And Professions: Employment And Recruitment
- 2.33Vocabulary List: Work And Professions: Business Communication
- 2.34Vocabulary List: Commerce And Finance: Money And Banking
- 2.35Vocabulary List: Commerce And Finance: Prices And Bargaining
- 2.36Vocabulary List: Commerce And Finance: Trade And Transactions
- 2.37Vocabulary List: Commerce And Finance: Entrepreneurship And Marketing
- 2.38Vocabulary List: Commerce And Finance: Accounting And Records
- 2.39Vocabulary List: Travel And Transport: Directions And Navigation
- 2.40Vocabulary List: Travel And Transport: Public Transport
- 2.41Vocabulary List: Travel And Transport: Road And Traffic
- 2.42Vocabulary List: Travel And Transport: Tourism And Accommodation
- 2.43Vocabulary List: Travel And Transport: Immigration And Documents
- 2.44Vocabulary List: Health And Medicine: Body And Senses
- 2.45Vocabulary List: Health And Medicine: Treatment And Remedies
- 2.46Vocabulary List: Health And Medicine: Symptoms And Ailments
- 2.47Vocabulary List: Health And Medicine: Hospitals And Appointments
- 2.48Vocabulary List: Health And Medicine: Fitness And Nutrition
- 2.49Vocabulary List: Environment And Nature: Weather And Seasons
- 2.50Vocabulary List: Environment And Nature: Geography And Landscapes
- 2.51Vocabulary List: Environment And Nature: Plants And Trees
- 2.52Vocabulary List: Environment And Nature: Animals And Wildlife
- 2.53Vocabulary List: Environment And Nature: Natural Resources And Conservation
- 2.54Vocabulary List: Technology And Media: Devices And Hardware
- 2.55Vocabulary List: Technology And Media: Software And Apps
- 2.56Vocabulary List: Technology And Media: Internet And Social Media
- 2.57Vocabulary List: Technology And Media: Communication And Messaging
- 2.58Vocabulary List: Technology And Media: Cybersecurity And Privacy
- 2.59Vocabulary List: Society And Culture: Religion And Ethics
- 2.60Vocabulary List: Society And Culture: Customs And Etiquette
- 2.61Vocabulary List: Society And Culture: Festivals And Celebrations
- 2.62Vocabulary List: Society And Culture: Arts And Literature
- 2.63Vocabulary List: Society And Culture: Music And Performing Arts
- 2.64Vocabulary List: Government And Law: Civics And Institutions
- 2.65Vocabulary List: Government And Law: Law And Order
- 2.66Vocabulary List: Government And Law: Rights And Responsibilities
- 2.67Vocabulary List: Government And Law: Public Services
- 2.68Vocabulary List: Government And Law: News And Current Affairs
- 2.69Vocabulary List: Emotions And Personality: Feelings And Moods
- 2.70Vocabulary List: Emotions And Personality: Traits And Qualities
- 2.71Vocabulary List: Emotions And Personality: Motivation And Attitudes
- 2.72Vocabulary List: Emotions And Personality: Conflict And Resolution
- 2.73Vocabulary List: Emotions And Personality: Mental Health And Wellbeing
- 2.74Vocabulary List: Sports And Recreation: Games And Equipment
- 2.75Vocabulary List: Sports And Recreation: Training And Fitness
- 2.76Vocabulary List: Sports And Recreation: Rules And Officiating
- 2.77Vocabulary List: Sports And Recreation: Outdoor Activities
- 2.78Vocabulary List: Sports And Recreation: Hobbies And Leisure
- 2.79Vocabulary List: Time, Numbers, And Measurement: Days And Months
- 2.80Vocabulary List: Time, Numbers, And Measurement: Clocks And Scheduling
- 2.81Vocabulary List: Time, Numbers, And Measurement: Numbers And Counting
- 2.82Vocabulary List: Time, Numbers, And Measurement: Fractions And Decimals
- 2.83Vocabulary List: Time, Numbers, And Measurement: Units And Dimensions
- 2.84Vocabulary List: Space And Shapes: Directions And Position
- 2.85Vocabulary List: Space And Shapes: Geometry And Shapes
- 2.86Vocabulary List: Space And Shapes: Distance And Location
- 2.87Vocabulary List: Space And Shapes: Patterns And Symmetry
- 2.88Vocabulary List: Space And Shapes: Maps And Diagrams
- 2.89Vocabulary List: Colors And Materials: Basic Colors
- 2.90Vocabulary List: Colors And Materials: Shades And Tones
- 2.91Vocabulary List: Colors And Materials: Textures And Surfaces
- 2.92Vocabulary List: Colors And Materials: Metals And Minerals
- 2.93Vocabulary List: Colors And Materials: Fabrics And Materials
- 2.94Vocabulary List: Communication And Style: Politeness And Formality
- 2.95Vocabulary List: Communication And Style: Requests And Offers
- 2.96Vocabulary List: Communication And Style: Apologies And Thanks
- 2.97Vocabulary List: Communication And Style: Opinions And Agreement
- 2.98Vocabulary List: Communication And Style: Persuasion And Rhetoric
- 2.99Vocabulary List: Writing And Presentation: Letters And Emails
- 2.100Vocabulary List: Writing And Presentation: Reports And Summaries
- 2.101Vocabulary List: Writing And Presentation: Descriptive Language
- 2.102Vocabulary List: Writing And Presentation: Narrative And Storytelling
- 2.103Vocabulary List: Writing And Presentation: Argument And Evaluation
- 2.104Vocabulary List: Community And Places: City And Neighborhood
- 2.105Vocabulary List: Community And Places: Public Buildings
- 2.106Vocabulary List: Community And Places: Markets And Bazaars
- 2.107Vocabulary List: Community And Places: Parks And Recreation
- 2.108Vocabulary List: Community And Places: Rural And Urban Life
- 2.109Vocabulary List: Safety And Emergencies: Accidents And Hazards
- 2.110Vocabulary List: Safety And Emergencies: Warnings And Instructions
- 2.111Vocabulary List: Safety And Emergencies: Emergency Services
- 2.112Vocabulary List: Safety And Emergencies: Health And Safety Signs
- 2.113Vocabulary List: Safety And Emergencies: First Aid Basics
- 2.114Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Idioms And Proverbs
- 2.115Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Collocations And Phrases
- 2.116Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Synonyms And Antonyms
- 2.117Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Homophones And Confusables
- 2.118Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Reduplications And Sound Words
- 2.119Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Loanwords And Transliteration
- 2.120Vocabulary List: Special Language Sets: Regional And Register Variants
- 2.121Vocabulary List: Exam-Focused Lists: High-Frequency Exam Rubrics
- 2.122Vocabulary List: Exam-Focused Lists: Translation Triggers And Connectors
- 2.123Vocabulary List: Exam-Focused Lists: Summary And Precis Signals
- 2.124Vocabulary List: Exam-Focused Lists: Formal Vs Informal Equivalents
- 2.125Vocabulary List: Exam-Focused Lists: Common Error Zones And Fixes
Vocabulary List: Grammar And Connectors: Contrast And Concession
Direct Contrast Connectors (Basic Level)
| Connector | Urdu Meaning | English Example Sentence | Urdu Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| but | لیکن | I wanted to go, but it rained. | میں جانا چاہتا تھا، لیکن بارش ہوگئی۔ |
| however | تاہم | It was cold; however, we went out. | موسم سرد تھا؛ تاہم، ہم باہر گئے۔ |
| yet | پھر بھی | He is young, yet very wise. | وہ جوان ہے، پھر بھی بہت عقلمند ہے۔ |
| although | اگرچہ | Although he tried, he failed. | اگرچہ اس نے کوشش کی، پھر بھی وہ ناکام ہوا۔ |
| though | حالانکہ | Though tired, he continued. | حالانکہ وہ تھکا ہوا تھا، پھر بھی وہ جاری رہا۔ |
| whereas | جبکہ | She is tall whereas he is short. | وہ لمبی ہے جبکہ وہ چھوٹا ہے۔ |
| while | جبکہ / درحقیقت | While I like tea, he prefers coffee. | مجھے چائے پسند ہے جبکہ وہ کافی پسند کرتا ہے۔ |
| on the other hand | دوسری طرف | She is quiet; on the other hand, he is talkative. | وہ خاموش ہے؛ دوسری طرف، وہ باتونی ہے۔ |
| instead | اس کے بجائے | Stay here instead. | اس کے بجائے یہیں رہو۔ |
| in contrast | اس کے برعکس | In contrast, her marks improved. | اس کے برعکس، اس کے نمبر بہتر ہوئے۔ |
Unexpected Contrast (Stronger Opposition)
| Connector | Urdu Meaning | English Example Sentence | Urdu Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| even though | باوجود اس کے کہ | Even though it was raining, they played. | باوجود اس کے کہ بارش ہورہی تھی، وہ کھیلتے رہے۔ |
| even if | چاہے… پھر بھی | Even if he calls, I won’t answer. | چاہے وہ کال کرے، میں جواب نہیں دوں گا۔ |
| despite | باوجود | Despite the noise, I studied. | شور کے باوجود میں نے پڑھائی کی۔ |
| in spite of | باوجود | In spite of his fear, he spoke. | اپنے خوف کے باوجود، وہ بولا۔ |
| nevertheless | پھر بھی | It was difficult; nevertheless, she finished. | یہ مشکل تھا؛ پھر بھی اس نے مکمل کیا۔ |
| nonetheless | پھر بھی | The weather was bad; nonetheless, we travelled. | موسم خراب تھا؛ پھر بھی ہم سفر پر گئے۔ |
| even so | اس کے باوجود | He was ill; even so, he came. | وہ بیمار تھا؛ اس کے باوجود آیا۔ |
| still | پھر بھی | I explained it, still he didn’t understand. | میں نے سمجھایا، پھر بھی اسے سمجھ نہ آئی۔ |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level Urdu Second Language Full Scale Course
Concession Connectors (Accepting a Point but Opposing It)
| Connector | Urdu Meaning | English Example Sentence | Urdu Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| admittedly | تسلیم ہے کہ | Admittedly, it was risky, but we tried. | تسلیم ہے کہ یہ خطرناک تھا، مگر ہم نے کوشش کی۔ |
| granted | مانا کہ | Granted, he is slow, but he is reliable. | مانا کہ وہ سست ہے، لیکن قابلِ بھروسہ ہے۔ |
| of course | ظاہر ہے | Of course he tried, but it wasn’t enough. | ظاہر ہے وہ کوشش کرتا ہے، مگر کافی نہیں تھا۔ |
| naturally | فطری طور پر | Naturally, mistakes happen, but learn from them. | فطری طور پر غلطیاں ہوتی ہیں، مگر ان سے سیکھو۔ |
| to be fair | انصاف کی بات ہے | To be fair, he warned you first. | انصاف کی بات ہے کہ اس نے پہلے تمہیں خبردار کیا تھا۔ |
| even granted that | چاہے مان بھی لیں | Even granted that he is right, we must check. | چاہے مان بھی لیں کہ وہ صحیح ہے، پھر بھی ہمیں چیک کرنا ہوگا۔ |
| true | درست | True, the idea is strange, yet useful. | درست، خیال عجیب ہے، پھر بھی مفید ہے۔ |
Balanced Contrast Pairs (Common in Essays)
| Pair | Urdu Meaning | English Example Sentence | Urdu Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| not this but that | یہ نہیں بلکہ وہ | He is not lazy but tired. | وہ سست نہیں بلکہ تھکا ہوا ہے۔ |
| on one hand… on the other hand | ایک طرف… دوسری طرف | On one hand the plan is costly, on the other hand useful. | ایک طرف منصوبہ مہنگا ہے، دوسری طرف مفید بھی ہے۔ |
| some may argue… but | کچھ کہیں گے… لیکن | Some may argue it’s risky, but it’s necessary. | کچھ کہیں گے یہ خطرناک ہے، لیکن ضروری ہے۔ |
| partly… partly | کچھ… کچھ | He was partly right and partly wrong. | وہ کچھ صحیح اور کچھ غلط تھا۔ |
| more… than | زیادہ… بہ نسبت | This is more helpful than difficult. | یہ مفید زیادہ ہے بہ نسبت مشکل۔ |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level Urdu Second Language Full Scale Course
Formal Contrast Connectors (For high-level writing)
| Connector | Urdu Meaning | English Example | Urdu Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| conversely | اس کے برعکس | He was confident; conversely, she was nervous. | وہ پراعتماد تھا؛ اس کے برعکس، وہ گھبرائی ہوئی تھی۔ |
| alternatively | متبادل طور پر | Alternatively, choose another option. | متبادل طور پر کوئی اور آپشن چن لو۔ |
| on the contrary | اس کے برخلاف | He isn’t weak; on the contrary, he is strong. | وہ کمزور نہیں؛ اس کے برخلاف، وہ مضبوط ہے۔ |
| by contrast | مقابلتاً | His marks fell; by contrast, hers improved. | اس کے نمبر کم ہوئے؛ مقابلتاً اس کے بہتر ہوئے۔ |
| in comparison | تقابل میں | In comparison, last year was tougher. | تقابل میں، پچھلا سال مشکل تھا۔ |
| whereas (formal) | جبکہ | Whereas the rule applies here, exceptions exist. | جبکہ اصول یہاں لاگو ہوتا ہے، استثنیٰ بھی موجود ہے۔ |
Strong Concession Markers (Accepting a Fact Strongly Before Contradiction)
| Connector | Urdu Meaning | English Example | Urdu Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| even though | باوجود اس کے کہ | Even though it was hard, I tried. | باوجود اس کے کہ یہ مشکل تھا، میں نے کوشش کی۔ |
| much as | جتنا بھی | Much as I respect him, I disagree. | جتنا بھی میں اس کی عزت کرتا ہوں، میں متفق نہیں ہوں۔ |
| despite the fact that | باوجود اس حقیقت کے کہ | Despite the fact that he warned her, she continued. | باوجود اس حقیقت کے کہ اس نے اسے خبردار کیا، وہ جاری رہی۔ |
| notwithstanding | باوجود | Notwithstanding the delay, they succeeded. | تاخیر کے باوجود وہ کامیاب ہوئے۔ |
| although (strong concession) | اگرچہ | Although he is talented, he lacks focus. | اگرچہ وہ باصلاحیت ہے، اس میں توجہ کی کمی ہے۔ |
Written and Compiled By Sir Hunain Zia (AYLOTI), World Record Holder With 154 Total A Grades, 7 Distinctions and 11 World Records For Educate A Change O Level Urdu Second Language Full Scale Course
Sentence Starters Showing Concession or Contrast
| Expression | Urdu Meaning | English Example | Urdu Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| even so | پھر بھی | The weather was bad; even so, we travelled. | موسم خراب تھا؛ پھر بھی ہم گئے۔ |
| at the same time | اسی وقت / ساتھ ساتھ | He is strict; at the same time, he is fair. | وہ سخت ہے؛ اسی وقت منصف بھی ہے۔ |
| having said that | یہ کہنے کے بعد بھی | I disagree; having said that, your point is valid. | میں متفق نہیں؛ یہ کہنے کے بعد بھی، تمہاری بات درست ہے۔ |
| in any case | بہرحال | In any case, we must continue. | بہرحال، ہمیں جاری رکھنا ہے۔ |
| still | پھر بھی | He studied; still, he failed. | اس نے پڑھا؛ پھر بھی فیل ہوا۔ |
Contrast Through Time or Condition
| Connector | Urdu Meaning | English Example | Urdu Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| even when | جب بھی / باوجود اس کے | Even when tired, she works. | جب بھی وہ تھکی ہوتی ہے، وہ کام کرتی ہے۔ |
| even if | چاہے | Even if it rains, I will go. | چاہے بارش ہو، میں جاؤں گا۔ |
| while (contrast) | جبکہ | While he dislikes noise, he lives in a busy area. | جبکہ اسے شور پسند نہیں، وہ مصروف جگہ رہتا ہے۔ |
| yet (temporal-contrast) | پھر بھی | It was late; yet they waited. | دیر ہوگئی تھی؛ پھر بھی وہ انتظار کرتے رہے۔ |
